tailieunhanh - Báo cáo y học: "Cellular kinases incorporated into HIV-1 particles: passive or active passenger"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Respiratory Research cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Cellular kinases incorporated into HIV-1 particles: passive or active passengers? | Giroud et al. Retrovirology 2011 8 71 http content 8 1 71 RETROVIROLOGY REVIEW Open Access Cellular kinases incorporated into HIV-1 particles passive or active passengers Charline Giroud1 Nathalie Ghazal1 and Laurence Briant Abstract Phosphorylation is one of the major mechanisms by which the activities of protein factors can be regulated. Such regulation impacts multiple key-functions of mammalian cells including signal transduction nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling macromolecular complexes assembly DNA binding and regulation of enzymatic activities to name a few. To ensure their capacities to replicate and propagate efficiently in their hosts viruses may rely on the phosphorylation of viral proteins to assist diverse steps of their life cycle. It has been known for several decades that particles from diverse virus families contain some protein kinase activity. While large DNA viruses generally encode for viral kinases RNA viruses and more precisely retroviruses have acquired the capacity to hijack the signaling machinery of the host cell and to embark cellular kinases when budding. Such property was demonstrated for HIV-1 more than a decade ago. This review summarizes the knowledge acquired in the field of HIV-1-associated kinases and discusses their possible function in the retroviral life cycle. Review The genetic information of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV-1 is carried by an RNA genome of approximately Kb packaged into viral particles as a non-covalent dimer 1 . This genetic material contains nine open reading frames that encode fifteen proteins including structural proteins matrix capsid nucleocapsid and p6 envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41 and enzymes protease reverse transcriptase and integrase . Six additional open reading frames direct the synthesis of accessory and regulatory proteins Tat Rev Nef Vpr Vpu and Vif . These proteins have complex functions and generally interface with the host cell machinery. The mature .