tailieunhanh - PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 1

Liên quan đến và tách rời với các cuộc thảo luận về số lượng những kiến thức quan trọng và nền tảng về các loại nước thải, nguồn nước và nước thải, và phương pháp dự báo dân số. Các loại khác nhau về số lượng trong các hình thức thiết kế tốc độ dòng chảy cũng rất quan trọng. Những chủ đề được thảo luận trong chương này. Bởi vì các yếu tố khác nhau đã ảnh hưởng đến tốc độ của thế hệ xử lý nước thải thời gian gần đây, bao gồm cả bảo tồn nước và sử dụng mở rộng của. | Part I Characteristics of Water and Wastewater Before any water or wastewater can be treated it must first be characterized. Thus characterization needs to be addressed. Waters and wastewaters may be characterized according to their quantities and according to their constituent physical chemical and microbiological characteristics. Therefore Part I is composed of two chapters Quantity of Water and Wastewater and Constituents of Water and Wastewater. 2003 by A. P. Sincere and G. A. Sincere Quantity of Water and Wastewater Related to and integral with the discussion on quantity are the important knowledge and background on the types of wastewater sources of water and wastewater and methods of population projection. The various categories of quantities in the form of design flow rates are also very important. These topics are discussed in this chapter. Because of various factors that have influenced the rate of wastewater generation in recent times including water conservation and the expanded use of onsite systems it is critical that designers have more than just typical wastewater generation statistics to project future usage. Thus a method of determining accurate design flow rates calculated through use of probability concepts are also discussed in this chapter. This method is called probability distribution analysis it is used in the determination of the quantities of water and wastewater so it will be discussed first. PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS Figure shows a typical daily variation for municipal sewage indicating two maxima and two minima during the day. Discharge flows of industrial wastewaters will also show variability they are in general extremely variable and explosive in nature however. They can show variation by the hour day or even by the minute. Despite these seemingly uncorrelated variability of flows from municipal and industrial wastewaters some form of pattern will emerge. For municipal wastewaters these patterns are well-behaved. For