tailieunhanh - Chemistry part 30, Julia Burdge,2e (2009)

Tham khảo sách 'chemistry part 30, julia burdge,2e (2009)', khoa học tự nhiên, vật lý phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 734 CHAPTER 18 Entropy Free Energy and Equilibrium The reaction generally is the system. Therefore 45 n is 45s s. The standard entropy values of a large number of substances have been measured in J K mol. To calculate the standard entropy change for a reaction AS n we look up the standard entropies of the products and reactants and use Equation . Sample Problem demonstrates this approach. Recall that here per mole means per mole of reaction as written HI Section . Think About It The results are consistent with the fact that production of gases causes an increase in entropy. In part a the increase in moles of gas gives a large positive value for AS . In part b the decrease in moles of gas gives a large negative value for AS n. In part c where there is no change in the number of moles of gas in the reaction AS xn is positive but is also fairly small. In general in cases where there is no net change in the number of moles of gas in a reaction we cannot predict whether AS7W will be positive or negative but we can predict that it will be a relatively small number. This makes sense given that gases invariably have greater entropy than liquids and solids. For reactions involving only liquids and solids predicting the sign of A5 is more difficult but in many such cases an increase in the total number of molecules and or ions is accompanied by an increase in entropy. From the standard entropy values in Appendix 2 calculate the standard entropy changes for the following reactions at 25 C a CaCO3 s ----- CaO s CO2 g b N2 g 3H2 g ----- 2NH3 g c H2 g Cl2 g ----- 2HCl g Strategy Look up standard entropy values and use Equation to calculate AS xn. Just as we did when we calculated standard enthalpies of reaction we consider stoichiometric coefficients to be dimensionless giving AS n units of J K mol. Setup From Appendix 2 5 CaCO3 i J K mol S CaO .s J K mol S CO2 g J K mol S N2 g J K mol 5 H2 g J K mol S NH3 g J K mol S CI2 g .

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