tailieunhanh - Basic And Applied Aspects Of Neonicotinoid Insecticides

Sustainable agriculture aims to supply sufficient food for the world population while minimizing environmental impact. Part of sustainable agriculture is the application of insecticides in order to protect crops from deleterious inverte- brate pests, feeding on plants cultivated for human consumption. The discovery of neonicotinoid insecticides can be considered as a milestone in insecticide research. 1 Neonicotinoids represent the fastest-growing class of insecticides introduced to the market since the commercialization of pyrethroids | CHAPTER 4 Basic and Applied Aspects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides R. NAUEN 1 AND P. JESCHKE2 1 Bayer CropScience AG Research Insecticides Biology Building 6220 Alfred-Nobel Str. 50 D-40789 Monheim Germany 2 Bayer CropScience AG Research Insecticides Chemistry Building 6240 Alfred-Nobel Str. 50 D-40789 Monheim Germany Introduction Sustainable agriculture aims to supply sufficient food for the world population while minimizing environmental impact. Part of sustainable agriculture is the application of insecticides in order to protect crops from deleterious invertebrate pests feeding on plants cultivated for human consumption. The discovery of neonicotinoid insecticides can be considered as a milestone in insecticide Neonicotinoids represent the fastest-growing class of insecticides introduced to the market since the commercialization of pyrethroids. The market share for neonicotinoids of the total global market for insecticides billion was 24 in 2008. Further worldwide success of neoni-cotinoids over the next few years will result from the growth of established neonicotinoid compounds replacing older and environmentally less benign substance classes such as organophosphates and carbamates. Neonicotinoids are potent broad spectrum insecticides possessing contact stomach and systemic activity. They are especially active on hemipteran pest species such as aphids whiteflies and planthoppers but neonicotinoids have also been commercialized in order to control different coleopteran and some lepidopteran RSC Green Chemistry No. 11 Green Trends in Insect Control Edited by Oscar Lopez and Jose G. Fernandez-Bolanos Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry 132 Basic and Applied Aspects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides 133 pest The physicochemical properties of neonicotinoids mean that they can be used with a wide range of different application techniques including foliar seed treatment soil drench and .