tailieunhanh - Báo cáo y học: " Host hindrance to HIV-1 replication in monocytes and macrophages"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Retrovirology cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Host hindrance to HIV-1 replication in monocytes and macrophages. | Bergamaschi and Pancino Retrovirology 2010 7 31 http content 7 1 31 gtr RETROVIROLOGY REVIEW Open Access Host hindrance to HIV-1 replication in monocytes and macrophages Anna Bergamaschi and Gianfranco Pancino Abstract Monocytes and macrophages are targets of HIV-1 infection and play critical roles in multiple aspects of viral pathogenesis. HIV-1 can replicate in blood monocytes although only a minor proportion of circulating monocytes harbor viral DNA. Resident macrophages in tissues can be infected and function as viral reservoirs. However their susceptibility to infection and their capacity to actively replicate the virus varies greatly depending on the tissue localization and cytokine environment. The susceptibility of monocytes to HIV-1 infection in vitro depends on their differentiation status. Monocytes are refractory to infection and become permissive upon differentiation into macrophages. In addition the capacity of monocyte-derived macrophages to sustain viral replication varies between individuals. Host determinants regulate HIV-1 replication in monocytes and macrophages limiting several steps of the viral life-cycle from viral entry to virus release. Some host factors responsible for HIV-1 restriction are shared with T lymphocytes but several anti-viral mechanisms are specific to either monocytes or macrophages. Whilst a number of these mechanisms have been identified in monocytes or in monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro some of them have also been implicated in the regulation of HIV-1 infection in vivo in particular in the brain and the lung where macrophages are the main cell type infected by HIV-1. This review focuses on cellular factors that have been reported to interfere with HIV-1 infection in monocytes and macrophages and examines the evidences supporting their role in vivo highlighting unique aspects of HIV-1 restriction in these two cell types. Introduction Bone marrow-derived monocytes Mos are released into the blood