tailieunhanh - Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology - Section 3

Các ứng dụng của ổ cứng thể rắn SSD Phần này trình bày các ứng dụng khác nhau của phân phối nhạy cảm loài (SSD) để minh họa những cách trong đó các ổ SSD hiện đang được sử dụng trong thực tế. Nó có hai phần phụ, nguồn gốc trên các tiêu chí chất lượng môi trường và B trên sinh thái đánh giá rủi ro của các hệ sinh thái bị ô nhiễm. Tiểu mục đầu tiên bắt đầu với một mô tả sự bắt đầu thực sự của việc áp dụng các ổ SSD dựa trên phương pháp trong một quốc tế quy. | Section III Applications of SSDs This section presents various applications of species sensitivity distributions SSDs to illustrate the ways in which SSDs are currently used in practice. It has two subsections A on derivation of environmental quality criteria and B on ecological risk assessment of contaminated ecosystems. The first subsection starts with a description of the true start of adopting SSD-based methods in an international regulatory context. Further the subsection presents four examples of implementation of SSDs in the derivation of environmental quality criteria two from North America and two from Europe. The second subsection presents six examples of applications of SSDs in ecological risk assessment that illustrate the range of environmental problems that can be tackled by SSD-based methods alone or combined with other methods. The chapters show how SSDs can function in a range of applications from formal tiered risk assessment schemes to life cycle assessments of manufactured products. The chapters presented here were meant to present the range of applications of SSDs without attempting complete coverage of all SSD applications. 2002 by CRC Press LLC A. Derivation of Environmental Quality Criteria 2002 by CRC Press LLC Effects Assessment of Fabric Softeners The DHTDMAC Case Cornells J. van Leeuwen and Joanna S. Jaworska CONTENTS Introduction DHTDMAC Behavior in Water Effects Assessment of DHTDMAC Risk Management Discussions about the Selection of Species and Testing for Ecotoxicity Discussions about the Extrapolation Methodology Communication and Validation The Development of a Common Risk Assessment Language Current Activities Abstract DHTDMAC was a test case for the ecotoxicological risk assessment of chemicals. High political and economic stakes were involved. There is no doubt that the inter national discussions on DHTDMAC accelerated the mutual acceptance of the new extrapolation methodologies to assess