tailieunhanh - LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY in AGROECOSYSTEMS MANAGEMENT - CHAPTER 10

Thay đổi trong các mẫu đa dạng cảnh quan ở tỉnh Wielkopolska, Ba Lan, chịu ảnh hưởng của Nông nghiệp Wielkopolska là một khu vực lịch sử nằm trên đồng bằng Trung ương châu Âu, trong hệ thống thoát nước của Warta, một nhánh của Odra. Các tính năng cứu trợ chính của khu vực là kết quả của glaciations Pleistocene di chuyển từ phía bắc. Do đó, thay đổi cảnh quan Wielkopolska từ phía bắc đến phía nam mặc dù nó không có biên giới tự nhiên rõ ràng ở phía tây và phía đông. So với các vùng. | CHAPTER 10 Changes in Landscape Diversity Patterns in the Province of Wielkopolska Poland Influenced by Agriculture Andrzej Mizgajski CONTENTS Introduction Natural Landscape Development of Agricultural Landscape Present-Day Changes in Agricultural Landscape Conclusions References INTRODUCTION Wielkopolska is a historical region situated on the Central European Plain in the drainage of the Warta a tributary of the Odra. The main relief features of the region are the result of Pleistocene glaciations that moved in from the north. Consequently Wielkopolska s landscape changes from the north to the south although it has no clear natural borders in the west and the east. In comparison to other regions of Poland Wielkopolska has had a unique history that is reflected in its economic structure. This is especially true with regard to the last two centuries when because of the agricultural and industrial revolution the modern economic structure of the region was taking shape. In the 19 th century the area roughly corresponding to historical Wielkopolska was a separate province under Prussian occupation. After Poland regained independence in 1918 the region continued as a compact administrative unit known as a voivodeship. Only between 1975 and 1998 was the region 2002 by CRC Press LLC divided into smaller administrative units. Statistics quoted in this chapter refer to Wielkopolska within the historical administrative boundaries that existed at a given time. A characteristic feature of the economy of today s Wielkopolska is highly intensive agriculture and a well-developed farm produce processing industry. The share of acreage of large farms approximately 20 in comparison to that of small peasant family holdings is much higher here than in central Poland. Throughout the region s history agriculture exerted the strongest anthropogenic impact on ecosystems which is reflected in the landscape. Man s impact on the environment has severely reduced the percentage of the land that