tailieunhanh - LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY in AGROECOSYSTEMS MANAGEMENT - CHAPTER 9

Lĩnh vực ranh giới môi trường sống cho động vật hoang dã, cây trồng và bảo vệ môi trường Phương pháp tác động sinh thái của trường Mở rộng ranh giới Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến hệ thực vật đa dạng trong các hệ thống Margin trường châu Âu Cảnh Cảnh Quy mô nghiên cứu đa dạng thực vật thân thảo trên hai trang trại, có và không có Strips Grass gieo, ở Wiltshire, Anh Kết quả các tác động sinh thái của trường Mở rộng Ranh giới - Flora Phát triển Flora trong Strips Margin trong các nước châu. | CHAPTER 9 Field Boundary Habitats for Wildlife Crop and Environmental Protection Jon Marshall Jacques Baudry Franẹoise Burel Wouter Joenje Barbel Gerowitt Maurizio Paoletti George Thomas David Kleijn Didier Le Coeur and Camilla Moonen CONTENTS Introduction Methods Ecological Impacts of Enlarged Field Boundaries Factors Affecting Flora Diversity in Field Margin Systems in European Landscapes Landscape Scale Studies Herbaceous Plant Diversity on Two Farms with and without Sown Grass Strips in Wiltshire . Results Ecological Impacts of Enlarged Field Boundaries Flora Development of the Flora in Margin Strips in Different European Countries Impacts of Fertilizer and Herbicide on the Diversity of Sown Margin Flora Ecological Impacts of Enlarged Field Boundaries Fauna Single Year Single Site Comparisons between Countries Activity-Density and Diversity Comparing Carabid Diversity in France the . and the Netherlands Comparisons of Invertebrate Abundance and Composition in the Hedge Sown Plots Crop Edge and Field by Suction Sampling in the . Field Margins as Overwintering Sites for Invertebrates 2002 by CRC Press LLC Spatial Behavior of Ground Beetles Factors Affecting Flora Diversity in Field Margin Systems in European Landscapes Landscape Scale Studies Herbaceous Plant Diversity on Two Farms with and without Sown Grass Strips in Wiltshire . Discussion Field Margins in European Landscapes Processes Affecting Field Margins Introducing Vegetation Strips at Field Edges Invertebrates of Field Edges Managing Field Margins Conclusions Recommendations Acknowledgments References INTRODUCTION Agricultural landscapes in Europe are diverse reflecting their geology geographical relief history and intensity of management. They vary from small-scale enclosed landscapes such as the bocage INRA 1976 to open prairie types. Within these landscapes the majority of the land is farmed. Before expansion of the European Union the agricultural area of million ha comprised at .