tailieunhanh - LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY in AGROECOSYSTEMS MANAGEMENT - CHAPTER 5

Chất lượng nước là một trong những vật dụng cần thiết cơ bản cho sự phát triển bền vững nông nghiệp, và nó tạo thành yếu tố quyết định sự tồn tại của thực vật và động vật phong phú tập hợp. Tương tác giữa các hóa chất, vật lý, và đặc điểm quá trình sinh học của một lưu vực xác định thải ra chất lượng nước, thay đổi của bất kỳ một các quá trình này sẽ ảnh hưởng đến một hoặc nhiều đặc tính chất lượng nước. Thực tế này gần đây đã học được các nhà khoa học và công chúng. | CHAPTER 5 Control of Diffuse Pollution by Mid-Field Shelterbelts and Meadow Strips Lech Ryszkowski Lech Szajdak Alina Bartoszewicz and Irena Zyczyiiska-Batoniak CONTENTS Introduction Environment of the Turew Agricultural Landscape Nitrogen Compounds in the Drainage System of the Turew Landscape Control of Mineral Nitrogen Pollution by Shelterbelts and Meadows Processing of Mineral Nitrogen in the Biogeochemical Barriers Landscape Management Guidelines for Efficient Control of Nitrogen Pollution Prospects for Control of the Diffusion Pollution through Management of Landscape Structure References INTRODUCTION Water quality is one of the fundamental requisites for sustainable development of agriculture and it constitutes the survival determinant of rich plant and animal assemblages. Interactions among physical chemical and biological processes characteristic of a watershed determine discharged water quality alteration of any one of these processes will affect one or more water quality properties. This fact was recently learned by scientists and the public when growing problems of water contamination were unsuccessfully tackled with only technical measures water purification plants . Activities aiming at water pollution control in the 1970s and up to the mid-1980s focused on treating urban and industrial sewage effluents that 2002 by CRC Press LLC is on the control of point sources of pollution by construction of water purification plants Vollenweider 1968 . Success was achieved in some reservoirs such as Lake Constance but eutrophication problems could not be totally eliminated and in addition such problems started to appear even in water bodies located far away from point sources of pollution Halberg 1989 Kauppi 1990 . As agricultural production intensified land-use changes caused by agriculture became more apparent. Enlargement of farm sizes was linked to more efficient use of machines which decreased costs of the cultivation of large fields not segmented by .