tailieunhanh - LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY A Top-Down Approach - Chapter 10

Kinh nghiệm Châu Âu: Từ trang web bảo vệ sinh thái Networks Mạng lưới sinh thái là kết quả của bảo tồn thiên nhiên dựa trên cơ sở khoa học. Cơ sở của nó được thành lập vào Biogeography, biến động dân số, sinh thái cảnh quan và khoa học sử dụng đất. Điều đó có nghĩa là họ không chỉ bao gồm các yếu tố sinh thái, mà còn các thành phần chính trị, lập kế hoạch sử dụng đất, và nhận thức. . | 10 The European Experience From Site Protection to Ecological Networks Rob H. G. Jongman and Daniel Smith CONTENTS Introduction Nature Conservation Development in Europe from Action to Planning EU Habitats Directive and Ecological Networks Definitions of National Parks in Europe The Scientific Basis of Ecological Networks Ecological Networks in the Pan-European Biological and Landscape Diversity Strategy The Structure of Ecological Networks Buffer Zones Ecological Corridors Barriers Implementation of Ecological Networks The Netherlands The Czech Republic Toward an Ecological Network for Europe Introduction Ecological networks are the result of science-based nature conservation. Its basis is founded in biogeography population dynamics landscape ecology and land use science. That means that they do not only consist of ecological elements but also political planning land use and awareness components. Without incorporation of these aspects ecological networks cannot be realized. 2000 by CRC Press LLC Ecological knowledge on ecological networks is based on insights in landscape hierarchy O Neill et al. 1989 biogeography population dynamics and landscape change. Landscape hierarchy is the first basic principle to classify the levels and the systems of ecological networks. Corridors and sites of importance on the continental level differ from those on the regional state or country level. Biogeography is important to define the role of species and the national or international responsibility for a region or country. For instance the European beech Fagus sylvatica is common in all Europe but absent outside. It is a European task to maintain its natural area and habitat diversity. The Pyrenean oak Quercus pyrenaica occurs only in southwestern France northwestern Spain and northern Portugal. Its protection is a task of these three countries. Spain and Portugal together have the task to conserve the Iberian lynx Lynx pardina . There are more