tailieunhanh - Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations - Chapter 11

Ví dụ, được thiết kế để hoạt động bằng cách sử dụng một quá trình hiếu khí. Các điều kiện cần thiết cho hoạt động hiếu khí là (1) miễn phí đầy đủ, nguyên tố oxy; (2) đầy đủ vật chất hữu cơ (thực phẩm); (3) nước đầy đủ, (4) đủ nitơ và phốt pho (chất dinh dưỡng) cho phép quá trình oxy hóa của các vật liệu carbon có sẵn (5) pH thích hợp (6,5-9,0) và (6) thiếu vật liệu độc hại. Chương này cung cấp các nguyên tắc cơ bản vi sinh đặc biệt nhắm mục tiêu vào. | 11 Water Microbiology Scientists picture the primordial Earth as a planet washed by a hot sea and bathed in an atmosphere containing water vapor ammonia methane and hydrogen. Testing this theory Stanley Miller at the University of Chicago duplicated these conditions in the laboratory. He distilled seawater in a special apparatus passed the vapor with ammonia methane and hydrogen through an electrical discharge at frequent intervals and condensed the rain to return to the boiling seawater. Within a week the seawater had turned red. Analysis showed that it contained amino acids which are the building blocks of protein substances. Whether this is what really happened early in the Earth s history is not important the experiment demonstrated that the basic ingredients of life could have been made in some such fashion setting the stage for life to come into existence in the sea. The saline fluids in most living things may be an inheritance from such early INTRODUCTION Microorganisms are significant in water and wastewater because of their roles in disease transmission and in biological treatment processes. Water wastewater and other water practitioners must have considerable knowledge of the microbiological characteristics of water and wastewater. Simply put waterworks operators cannot fully comprehend the principles of effective water treatment without knowing the fundamental factors concerning microorganisms and their relationships to one another their effect on the treatment process and their impact on consumers animals and the environment. Water and wastewater operators must know what principal groups of microorganisms are typically found in water supplies surface and groundwater and wastewater. They must be able to identify those microorganisms that must be treated pathogenic organisms and be removed or controlled for biological treatment processes. They must also be able to identify the organisms used as indicators of pollution contamination and .