tailieunhanh - Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations - Chapter 10

Nước Hóa học cơ bản dụ phân tích hóa học. Có lẽ, việc xác định quan trọng nhất mà các nhà điều hành nước làm cho về nước là độ cứng của nó. Nhà điều hành lý nước thải, mặt khác, sử dụng hóa học để xác định các yếu tố khác. Ví dụ, các nhà điều hành nước thải có thể được quan tâm đến một số kết quả hóa học tương tự như các nhà khai thác nước, nhưng cũng phải xác định mức độ các chất hữu cơ trong dòng chất thải. Tại sao hóa học? "Tôi không. | Part III Characteristics of Water 2003 by CRC Press LLC 10 Basic Water Chemistry The waterworks or wastewater treatment plant operator lacking in knowledge of basic water chemistry and standard laboratory procedures is like the auto mechanic who does not know how to operate an engine analyzer and or how to interpret the results of such analysis. INTRODUCTION As the chapter opening suggests water and wastewater operators both perform and analyze the results of laboratory tests. Because of this they must have a working knowledge of water chemistry. In this chapter we discuss basic water chemistry the key word is basic. Not all water and wastewater operators must be chemists but they all must be able to perform very basic chemical testing. More importantly all water and wastewater operators must be competent operators basic knowledge of water chemistry fundamentals aids in attaining competency. In the excellent text Water and Wastewater Laboratory Techniques . Smith points out that chemical testing can be divided into two types. The first type measures a bulk physical property of the sample such as volume temperature melting point or mass. These measurements are normally performed with an instrument and one simply has to calibrate the instrument to perform the test. Most analyses however are of the second type in which a chemical property of the sample is determined that generates information about how much of what is present. 1 When it comes to actually studying water at its most basic elementary level you first must recognize that no one has ever seen a molecule of water. All that is available to us is equations and theoretical diagrams. When we look at the H2O formula we instantly think that water is simple. It is a mistake to think of water as being simple. It is not it is very complex. Although no one has seen a water molecule we have determined through x-rays that atoms in water are elaborately meshed. Moreover although it is true that we do not know as