tailieunhanh - MONOGRAPH SERIES ON NONLINEAR SCIENCE AND COMPLEXITY

Computational Physics is now a multidisciplinary line of research. A long time ago, it was not like that, computers were used by physicists only in order to solve classical problems resistant to the analytical approach: One is able to model the problem at hands through, say, a set of coupled differential equations, but the analytical solution for these equations is not available. The solace is the numerical solution, and the old branch of Computational Physics consists in providing fast and precise numerical methods to be applied to these cases | MONOGRAPH SERIES ON NONLINEAR SCIENCE AND COMPLEXITY SERIES EDITORS Albert . Luo Southern Illinois University Edwardsville USA George Zaslavsky New York University New York USA ADVISORY BOARD V Afraimovich San Luis Potosi University San Luis Potosi Mexico Eshel Ben-Jacob Tel Aviv University Israel Guoqian Chen Peking University Beijing China B. Chirikov The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk Russia M. Courbage Université Paris 7 Paris France Bernold Fiedler Freie Universităt Berlin Berlin Germany James A. Glazier Indiana University Bloomington USA N. Ibragimov Blekinge Institute of Technology Karlskrona Sweden R. Rand Cornell University Ithaca USA L. Reichl University of Texas Austin USA Dietrich Stauffer Institute for Theoretical Physics University of Cologne Koln Germany J. Sun University of Delaware Newark USA P. Yu The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada Biology Sociology Geology by Computational Physicists D. STAUFFER Cologne University Germany S. MOSS DE OLIVEIRA Universidade Federal Fluminense Brazil . DE OLIVEIRA Universidade Federal Fluminense Brazil . SÁ MARTINS Universidade Federal Fluminense Brazil ELSEVIER AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO Elsevier Radarweg 29 PO Box 211 1000 AE Amsterdam The Netherlands The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK First edition 2006 Copyright 2006 Elsevier . All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier s Science Technology Rights Department in Oxford UK phone 44 0 1865 843830 fax 44 0 1865 853333 email permissions@. Alternatively you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at http locate .