tailieunhanh - POSITIVE PERIODIC SOLUTIONS OF FUNCTIONAL DISCRETE SYSTEMS AND POPULATION MODELS YOUSSEF N. RAFFOUL

POSITIVE PERIODIC SOLUTIONS OF FUNCTIONAL DISCRETE SYSTEMS AND POPULATION MODELS YOUSSEF N. RAFFOUL AND CHRISTOPHER C. TISDELL Received 29 March 2004 and in revised form 23 August 2004 We apply a cone-theoretic fixed point theorem to study the existence of positive periodic solutions of the nonlinear system of functional difference equations x(n + 1) = A(n)x(n) + f (n,xn ). 1. Introduction Let R denote the real numbers, Z the integers, Z− the negative integers, and Z+ the nonnegative integers. In this paper we explore the existence of positive periodic solutions of the nonlinear nonautonomous system of difference equations x(n + 1). | POSITIVE PERIODIC SOLUTIONS OF FUNCTIONAL DISCRETE SYSTEMS AND POPULATION MODELS YOUSSEF N. RAFFOUL AND CHRISTOPHER C. TISDELL Received 29 March 2004 and in revised form 23 August 2004 We apply a cone-theoretic fixed point theorem to study the existence of positive periodic solutions of the nonlinear system of functional difference equations x n 1 A n x n f n xn . 1. Introduction Let R denote the real numbers Z the integers Z- the negative integers and Z the nonnegative integers. In this paper we explore the existence of positive periodic solutions of the nonlinear nonautonomous system of difference equations x n 1 A n x n f n xn where A n diag a1 n a2 n . ak n aj is w-periodic f n x Z X Rk Rk is continuous in x and f n x is w-periodic in n and x whenever x is w-periodic w 1 is an integer. Let be the set of all real w-periodic sequences f Z Rk. Endowed with the maximum norm Ilf II maxgeZ z j 1 fj 0 where f fl 02 . fk t is a Banach space. Here t stands for the transpose. If x e then xn e for any n e Z is defined by xn 0 x n 0 for 0 e Z. The existence of multiple positive periodic solutions of nonlinear functional differential equations has been studied extensively in recent years. Some appropriate references are 1 14 . We are particularly motivated by the work in 8 on functional differential equations and the work of the first author in 4 11 12 on boundary value problems involving functional difference equations. When working with certain boundary value problems whether in differential or difference equations it is customary to display the desired solution in terms of a suitable Green s function and then apply cone theory 2 4 5 6 7 10 13 . Since our equation is not this type of boundary value we obtain a variation of parameters formula and then try to find a lower and upper estimates for the kernel inside the summation. Once those estimates are found we use Krasnoselskii s fixed point theorem to show the existence of a positive periodic solution. In 11 the .

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