tailieunhanh - HANDBOOK OFINTEGRAL EQUATIONS phần 8

Tham khảo tài liệu 'handbook ofintegral equations phần 8', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Example 1. Let us solve the integral equation y x - X xty t dt f x Jo 0 x 1 by the method of successive approximations. Here we have K x t xt a 0 and b 1. We successively define K1 x t xt Kz x t i xz zt dz Kỉ x t i xz zt dz - Jo 3 3 J0 32 xt Kn x t 3n-ĩ- According to formula 5 for the resolvent we obtain R x t X 2 Xn 1 Kn x t xt y2 n 1 n 1 3xt 3 - X where X 3 and it follows from formula 7 that the solution of the integral equation can be rewritten in the form 1 3xt . . y x f x X -f t dt 0 x 1 X 3. .7 0 3 - X In particular for f x x we obtain y x 3-X 0 x 1 X 3. . Orthogonal Kernels For some Fredholm equations the Neumann series 5 for the resolvent is convergent for all values of A. Let us establish this fact. Assume that two kernels K x t and L x t are given. These kernels are said to be orthogonal if the following two conditions hold r K x z L z t dz 0 r z t dz 0 8 for all admissible values of x and t. There exist kernels that are orthogonal to themselves. For these kernels we have K2 x t 0 where K2 x t is the second iterated kernel. It is clear that in this case all the subsequent iterated kernels also vanish and the resolvent coincides with the kernel K x t . Example 2. Let us find the resolvent of the kernel K x t sin x - 2t 0 x 2n 0 t 2n. We have f-2n fa sin x - 2z sin z - 2t dz 2 cos x 2t - 3z - cos x - 2t - z dz 2 -1 sin x 2t - 3z sin x - 2t - z z 0n 0. Thus in this case the resolvent of the kernel is equal to the kernel itself R x t X sin x - 2t so that the Neumann series 6 consists of a single term and clearly converges for any X. Remark 2. If the kernels M 1 x t . M n x t are pairwise orthogonal then the resolvent corresponding to the sum n K x f 2 M m x t m 1 is equal to the sum of the resolvents corresponding to each of the summands. @ References for Section S. G. Mikhlin 1960 M. L. Krasnov A. I. Kiselev and G. I. Makarenko 1971 J. A. Cochran 1972 V. I. Smirnov 1974 A. J. Jerry 1985 . 1998 by CRC Press LLC . Method of Fredholm .

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