tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: Space, time and nitric oxide – neuronal nitric oxide synthase generates signal pulses

The temporal aspects of signaling are critical to the function of signals in communications, feedback regulation and control. The production and transduction of biological signals by enzymes comprises an area of central importance and rapid progress in the biomedical sciences. | ỊFEBS Journal Space time and nitric oxide - neuronal nitric oxide synthase generates signal pulses John C. Salerno1 and Dipak K. Ghosh2 1 Biology Department Kennesaw State University GA USA 2 Department of Medicine Hematology and Oncology Duke University and Veterans Affairs MedicalCenter Durham NC USA Keywords autoinhibition diffusion nitric oxide nitric oxide synthase pulse signaling Correspondence J. C. Salerno Biology Department Kennesaw State University 1000 Chastain Road Kennesaw GA 30144 USA Fax 1 770 423 6625 Tel 1 770 423 6177 E-mail jsalern3@ Received 23 June 2009 revised 4 September 2009 accepted 15 September 2009 The temporal aspects of signaling are critical to the function of signals in communications feedback regulation and control. The production and transduction of biological signals by enzymes comprises an area of central importance and rapid progress in the biomedical sciences. Treatment of signaling enzymes almost universally employs steady-state analyses that are suitable for mass catalysis but inappropriate for components in an information channel or a feedback7control system. In the present study we show that at 37 C neuronal nitric oxide synthase EC is progressively inhibited by the formation of an inhibited state during the first few turnovers approximately 200 ms after the initiation of catalysis leading to pulse formation of nitric oxide. The general mechanism may be of wide importance in biological signaling. doi Introduction Biological signaling takes place across spatial and temporal regimes spanning many orders of magnitude and has applications in development homeostasis neuroscience and environmental studies. Signaling and control theories have been extensively developed by electrical engineers and mathematicians 1 . Their work underlies the design of many of the artifacts of our civilization and is as germane to signaling and control in biology as it is to data transmission in