tailieunhanh - Báo cáo hóa học: " Scrutinizing the current practice of the environmental risk assessment of GM maize applications for cultivation in the EU"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về hóa học được đăng trên tạp chí hóa hoc quốc tế đề tài : Scrutinizing the current practice of the environmental risk assessment of GM maize applications for cultivation in the EU | Dolezel et al. Environmental Sciences Europe 2011 23 33 http content 23 1 33 o Environmental Sciences Europe a SpringerOpen Journal RESEARCH Open Access Scrutinizing the current practice of the environmental risk assessment of GM maize applications for cultivation in the EU 1 1 23 1 Marion Dolezel Marianne Miklau Angelika Hilbeck Mathias Otto Michael Eckerstorfer Andreas Heissenberger1 Beatrix Tappeser3 and Helmut Gaugitsch1 Abstract Purpose The prevailing controversies on the potential environmental risks of genetically modified organisms GMOs still fuel ongoing discussions among European Union EU member states risk assessors applicants and scientists even several years after the commercial introduction of GMOs. The disagreements mainly derive from the current risk assessment practice of GMOs and differences in the perceived environmental risks. Against this background the aim of this study was to scrutinize the current practice of environmental risk assessment ERA of several GMO applications currently pending for authorisation in the EU. Methods We analysed the data presented for three assessment categories of the ERA of genetically modified GM maize applications for cultivation in the European Union the agronomic evaluations and the assessments of the effects of GM maize on target organisms and of its potential adverse effects on non-target organisms. Results Major shortcomings causing considerable uncertainties related to the risk assessment were identified in all three categories. In addition two principles of Directive 2001 18 EC are largely not fulfilled - the consideration of the receiving environment and the indirect effects as mediated . by the application of the complementary herbicide in the case of herbicide-tolerant GM maize. Conclusions We conclude that the current practice of ERA does not comprehensively fulfil the scientific and legal requirements of Directive 2001 18 EC and we propose improvements and needs for further .

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