tailieunhanh - Muller A History of Thermodynamics The Doctrine of Energy and Entropy phần 5

Tham khảo tài liệu 'muller a history of thermodynamics the doctrine of energy and entropy phần 5', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 126 4 Entropie as s k In w For level-headed physicists entropy - or order and disorder - is nothing by itself. It has to be seen and discussed in conjunction with temperature and heat and energy and work. And if there is to be an extrapolation of entropy to a foreign field it must be accompanied by the appropriate extrapolations of temperature and heat and work. Lacking this such an extrapolation is merely at the level of the following graffito which is supposed to illustrate the progress of western culture to more and more disorder . higher entropy Hamtet to beopnotto be Comusolode isoedo hartre to do is to be stovton do be do be ts be eo Ingenious as this jokr may bh io pomstk e list mose than umusement. 5 Chemical Potentials It is fairly seldom that we find resources in the form in which we need them which is as pure substances or at least strongly enriched in the desired substance. The best known example is water While there is some sweet water available on the earth salt water is predominant and that cannot be drunk nor can it be used in our machines for cooling say or washing. Similarly natural gas and mineral oil must be refined before use and ore must be smelted down in the smelting furnace. Smelting was of course known to the anelents - although it was not alwayf done efficiently - and so ess distillation of sea wotea whldi neo vided both swoer water and pure saetinonostep in ancient times there wm mnluqa lees snacilm of sweet i-ah r than tocter but - just like today - there ers e 1 tare dem and dos herd aiquor thal had tf be distilled from wénd osfromo ereermantedfrmtoe veoetadCejuicfs. The ancient dissiitere eidagood enoaohjme sincatimdtmmemaOtfibut still their processdf of separation and 61 11 16 were haphaoosd -nd not optimal since the reldcaIltrhermedyncmiciowlwdrenoakndwd. The same was 13 x10 ePem1cd1reactìenSlWheotwp eonttiluantt combine to form a ttia-dhaKt say or wtciithe cenatimenldol aemtoceed have to be