tailieunhanh - Ecological Modeling in Risk Assessment - Chapter 13

Chương 13 Hồ sơ của Mô hình lựa chọn Robert A. Pastorok Bảng 13,1 tóm tắt các mô hình được lựa chọn để phát triển và sử dụng trong đánh giá rủi ro sinh thái trong tương lai gần. Những mô hình này được đánh giá tương đối cao trong việc đánh giá trong loại mô hình. Profiles của các mô hình được lựa chọn để phát triển hơn nữa và sử dụng được thể hiện trong bảng 13,2 đến 13,7. Độc tính mô hình ngoại suy được dự định chủ yếu để sử dụng trong đánh giá rủi ro cấp sàng lọc và. | CHAPTER 13 Profiles of Selected Models Robert A. Pastorok Table summarizes the models selected for further development and use in ecological risk assessment in the near future. These models were rated relatively high in the evaluation within model type. Profiles of models selected for further development and use are shown in Tables through . Toxicity extrapolation models are intended mainly for use in screening-level risk assessments and for developing generic environmental criteria . EPA s ambient water quality criteria . They are not recommended for use alone in a detailed . baseline risk assessment. Nevertheless they may be useful in supporting population ecosystem or landscape models as part of a detailed assessment. Of the population models stochastic scalar abundance models either discrete or continuoustime and deterministic life-history matrix models are most appropriate for screening-level ecological risk assessments Table . Some simple food-web models founded on RAMAS Ecosystem or Populus for example may be appropriate for screening-level assessments at larger complex sites especially where disruption of food-web structure may be an issue. More complex ecosystem models and landscape models are not recommended for screening-level assessments because of the relatively high level of effort and expense involved in developing and running these models. For detailed assessments stochastic life-history matrix models and metapopulation models . RAMAS GIS and VORTEX are recommended. These models as well as aquatic ecosystem models like AQUATOX CASM and IFEM aquatic landscape models like ATLSS AQUATOX and CASM and terrestrial landscape models like LANDIS JABOWA and the disturbance biogeography model are suitable for application in detailed ecological risk assessments. Several model categories lack specific examples of available models for detailed assessments. Further development of such models could include integration of metapopulation .