tailieunhanh - Báo cáo hóa học: "Cramer-Rao-Type Bounds for Localization Cheng Chang and Anant Sahai"

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành hóa học dành cho các bạn yêu hóa học tham khảo đề tài: Cramer-Rao-Type Bounds for Localization Cheng Chang and Anant Sahai | Hindawi Publishing Corporation EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing Volume 2006 Article 1D94287 Pages 1-13 DOI ASP 2006 94287 Cramer-Rao-Type Bounds for Localization Cheng Chang and Anant Sahai Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA Received 31 May 2005 Revised 10 November 2005 Accepted 1 December 2005 The localization problem is fundamentally important for sensor networks. This paper based on Estimation bounds for localization by the authors 2004 IEEE studies the Cramer-Rao lower bound CRB for two kinds of localization based on noisy range measurements. The first is anchored localization in which the estimated positions of at least 3 nodes are known in global coordinates. We show some basic invariances of the CRB in this case and derive lower and upper bounds on the CRB which can be computed using only local information. The second is anchor-free localization where no absolute positions are known. Although the Fisher information matrix is singular a CRB-like bound exists on the total estimation variance. Finally for both cases we discuss how the bounds scale to large networks under different models of wireless signal propagation. Copyright 2006 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. 1. INTRODUCTION In wireless sensor networks the positions of the sensors play a vital role. Position information can be exploited within the network stack at all levels from improved physical layer communication 1 to routing 2 and on to the application level where positions are needed to meaningfully interpret any physical measurements the sensors may take. Because it is so important this problem of localization has been studied extensively. Most of these studies assume the existence of a group of anchor nodes that have a priori known positions. There are three major categories of localization schemes that differ in what kind of geometric information they use to estimate locations. Many such as those of

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