tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: ":Bench-to-bedside review: A brief history of clinical acid–base"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Critical Care giúp cho các bạn có thêm kiến thức về ngành y học đề tài:Bench-to-bedside review: A brief history of clinical acid–base. | Available online http content 8 4 253 Review Bench-to-bedside review A brief history of clinical acid-base David A Story Associate Professor The University of Melbourne Austin Health Melbourne Victoria Australia Corresponding author David A Story Published online 30 April 2004 This article is online at http content 8 4 253 2004 BioMed Central Ltd Critical Care 2004 8 253-258 DOI cc2861 Abstract The history of assessing the acid-base equilibrium and associated disorders is intertwined with the evolution of the definition of an acid. In the 1950s clinical chemists combined the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid to produce the current bicarbonate ion-centred approach to metabolic acid-base disorders. Stewart repackaged pre-1950 ideas of acid-base in the late 1970s including the Van Slyke definition of an acid. Stewart also used laws of physical chemistry to produce a new acid-base approach. This approach using the strong ion difference particularly the sodium chloride difference and the concentration of weak acids particularly albumin pushes bicarbonate into a minor role as an acid-base indicator rather than as an important mechanism. The Stewart approach may offer new insights into acid-base disorders and therapies. Keywords acid-base equilibrium acids bicarbonate ions sodium chloride Introduction What is an acid The first step to understand the evolution of ideas in acid-base physiology since the beginning of the twentieth century is to examine the definitions of an acid. There are many current definitions of an acid used in chemistry 1-3 . The word acid is derived from the Latin word acidus 2 3 meaning sour. For most of history sourness has been the defining feature of acids as well as the method for detecting the presence of acids. Other definitions of acids include the ability to produce colour changes in litmus and to negate the effects of an alkali. Several .