tailieunhanh - Báo cáo hóa học: " Policies and practices of pastoralism in Europe"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về hóa học được đăng trên tạp chí hóa hoc quốc tế đề tài : Policies and practices of pastoralism in Europe | o Pastoralism a SpringerOpen Journal Kerven and Behnke Pastoralism Research Policy and Practice 2011 1 28 http content 1 1 28 EDITORIAL Open Access Policies and practices of pastoralism in Europe Carol Kerven and Roy Behnke Correspondence carol_kerven@ Odessa Centre 2 The Ridgeway Great Wolford Warks CV36 5NN UK Springer Editorial The shepherding of livestock on open pastures is an essential marker of pastoralist management. In modern Europe this practice still persists in various truncated forms. In many parts of the world government policies undervalue or actively discourage pastoralism especially mobile pastoralism. Europe is an exception to this trend. Backed by scientific evidence European Union EU policies officially endorse low intensity transhumant livestock management in Europe as a source of diverse environmental economic and cultural benefits. Far from seeking to eradicate mobile pastoralism the European Union explicitly attempts to preserve it through economic subsidies to livestock farmers and programmes aimed at marginal grassland areas. Is there something special about European pastoralism or have European policy makers simply recognized advantages associated with pastoralism that officials in many other parts of the world have missed The answer to this question could paradoxically be more important for non-Eur-opean than European pastoralists. While there may be only a few hundred thousand practicing pastoralists remaining in Europe elsewhere millions of pastoralists are subjected to national policies which are often inimical to extensive livestock production methods and cultural continuity. As an example of policy alternatives that many other governments have declined to adopt the unfolding trajectory of European supra-state and national policies towards pastoralism is relevant outside of Europe. The j ournal has previously published case studies on transhumant pastoralism in France Romania and Spain Biber 2010 .