tailieunhanh - Giới thiệu về mô hình hóa tĩnh

Mô hình tĩnh sử dụng các sơ đồ lớp và sơ đồ đối tượng để đại diện cho các thành phần tĩnh của một hệ thống phần mềm. Những sơ đồ sử dụng các loại ký hiệu miêu tả các loại khác nhau của các lớp và các mối quan hệ giữa chúng. Ngoài ra, các sơ đồ này sử dụng các loại đặc biệt của cấu trúc được gọi là giao diện. Chương này bàn về các loại khác nhau của các lớp học và xem xét các mối quan hệ giữa chúng. Nó cũng giải thích các khái. | More About Static Modeling Static modeling uses class diagrams and object diagrams to represent the static constituents of a software system. These diagrams use various types of notations for depicting different types of classes and the relationships between them. In addition these diagrams use special types of constructs called interfaces. This chapter discusses the various types of classes and examines the relationships between them. It also explains the concept of interfaces and the different UML notations used to depict interfaces. Objectives In this chapter you will learn to fl Identify various types of classes and the relationships between them fl Identify Interfaces Chapter 6 Identifying Types of Classes and Relationships Between Classes After you identify the classes from the problem statement or use cases you can classify the identified classes into various types. This enables you to make the software system reusable and manageable. Types of Classes UML enables you to classify classes into the following types Abstract class Parameterized class Factory class Self-linked class Abstract Class An abstract class is a class that does not have any direct instances. However the classes inherited from an abstract class can have direct instances. An abstract class is used to define the common features and common behavior of a set of subclasses. Consider the example of an Automobile class. Some of the attributes of the Automobile class are Has wheels Has an engine Has a color You can derive two subclasses Bus and Car from the Automobile class. In this case you may never be required to create an object of the Automobile class in your program. Instead you may want to use it only because you want it to act as a superclass that defines the common attributes for the Car and Bus classes. In this case you can declare the Automobile class as an abstract class. The UML notation for an abstract class is same as that of a simple class. However the name of the class is .