tailieunhanh - REMEDIATION OF PETROLEUM CONTAMINATED SOILS - SECTION 5

Tối ưu hóa của xử lý sinh học Có ba vấn đề chính cần được giải quyết để đạt được một xử lý sinh học thành công (Tiedje năm 1993). Nó phải được xác định liệu các chất gây ô nhiễm là có khả năng phân huỷ sinh học, cho dù môi trường sinh sống (sự hiện diện của hóa chất độc hại hoặc các yếu tố tăng trưởng đủ duy trì sự sống), và những gì các yếu tố ratelimiting và liệu nó có thể được sửa đổi. Trong một cách tiếp cận sinh thái để xử lý sinh học,. | Section 5 Optimization of Bioremediation There are three key issues that should be addressed to achieve a successful bioremediation Tiedje 1993 . It must be determined whether the contaminant is biodegradable whether the environment is habitable presence of toxic chemicals or sufficient life-sustaining growth factors and what the ratelimiting factor is and whether it can be modified. In an ecological approach to bioremediation the important issue is to establish whether or not the conditions of natural selection can be expected to be met within the site vicinity. With this approach more emphasis is placed on meeting requirements of the microorganisms and less on measuring the actual pollutant. Each contaminated site exhibits different characteristics and requires a site-specific remediation plan Forsyth Tsao and Bleam 1995 . Decontaminating a site polluted with hazardous materials is a complex procedure involving systematic step-by-step problem solving. The conditions necessary to optimize the efficiency of microbial systems in degrading environmental pollutants and the economics required must be assessed to select and implement cost-effective biotreatment. This requires understanding of the microorganisms and the conditions necessary for them to become established and maintained and the scientific data must be translated into cost-effective full-scale cleanup processes. Augmentation with proven contaminant-degrading microorganisms can save time and money over alternative approaches. This section discusses how optimum conditions for bioremediation can be achieved through site manipulation biological intervention or chemical treatment. It is important to monitor the process to determine that biodegradation is occurring and to allow the conditions to be modified as necessary to maintain optimum performance. VARIATION OF SOIL FACTORS The various chemical and physical properties of a soil determine the nature of the environment in which microorganisms are found .