tailieunhanh - In Situ Treatment Technology - Chapter 4

Giới thiệu phương pháp tiếp cận cân bằng Thánh Lễ Site Xử lý ô nhiễm nước ngầm Các loại phục hồi áp dụng Tăng cường hệ thống đánh giá sơ bộ của thử nghiệm trang web thí điểm áp dụng thủ tục kiểm tra và Phương pháp kiểm tra giám sát của Wells theo dõi Thánh Lễ diệt Dự toán Thiết kế hệ thống Thiết kế Vâng Spacing chất lỏng Lưu lượng hút chân không áp Airflow Rate-khí điều trị, Chọn thiết bị loại bỏ Thánh Lễ và các mục tiêu Tiếp cận Cleanup LNAPLs Giai đoạn hòa tan không. | Palmer Peter L. and Nyer Evan Vacuum-Enhanced Recovery In Situ Treatment Technology Boca Raton CRC Press LLC 2001 CHAPTER 4 Vacuum-Enhanced Recovery Peter L. Palmer and Evan K. Nyer CONTENTS Introduction Mass Balance Approach to Site Remediation Groundwater Recovery Enhancement Applicability Types of Systems Preliminary Evaluation of Site Applicability Pilot Test Procedures Test and Monitoring Wells Test Method Monitoring Mass Removal Estimation System Design Well Design Well Spacing Fluid Flow Rate Vacuum Pressure Airflow Rate Off-Gas Treatment Equipment Selection Mass Removal and Reaching Cleanup Goals LNAPLs Dissolved Phase Air Phase DNAPLs Case Study 2001 CRC Press LLC Background Strategy Project Design Operations Case Study Background Strategy Project Design and Installation Operations Design Example Problem Solution Pilot Test Planning Conducting the Pilot Test Evaluating the Data System Design References INTRODUCTION Although vacuum-enhanced recovery has been used for decades as a standard approach for dewatering and stabilization of low permeability sediments or to speed dewatering of more permeable sediments it hasn t been until recently that it has been incorporated into groundwater remediation applications. The use of vacuum-enhanced recovery systems in environmental remediation is unique because whereas most remediation methods rely on either water or air as the carrier vacuum-enhanced recovery relies on a combination of both as carriers. Because of this characteristic to remove both liquids and vapors vacuum-enhanced recovery is also referred to as dual-phase extraction. Vacuum-enhanced recovery uses a combination of two forces gravity and pressure differential to move the water. This can be beneficial in enhancing cleanups when used in the proper hydrogeologic setting. In Chapter 1 we discussed how gravity is used as a main force to move water in all methods that use water as a carrier. The main method to control the direction of water movement is to