tailieunhanh - A Field Guide to Genetic Programming

A Field Guide to Genetic Programming Riccardo Poli Department of Computing and Electronic Systems University of Essex – UK rpoli@ William B. Langdon Departments of Biological and Mathematical Sciences University of Essex – UK wlangdon@ Nicholas F. McPhee Division of Science and Mathematics University of Minnesota, Morris – USA mcphee@ with contributions by John R. Koza Stanford University – USA john@ March 2008 | A Field Guide to Genetic Programming Riccardo Poli Department of Computing and Electronic Systems University of Essex - UK rpoli@ William B. Langdon Departments of Biological and Mathematical Sciences University of Essex - UK wlangdon@ Nicholas F. McPhee Division of Science and Mathematics University of Minnesota Morris - USA mcphee@ with contributions by John R. Koza Stanford University - USA john@ March 2008 Riccardo Poli William B. Langdon and Nicholas F. McPhee 2008 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works UK England Wales License see http licenses by-nc-nd uk . That is You are free to copy distribute display and perform the work Under the following conditions Attribution. You must give the original authors credit. Non-Commercial. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works. You may not alter transform or build upon this work. For any reuse or distribution you must make clear to others the licence terms of this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holders. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the authors rights. Non-commercial uses are thus permitted without any further authorisation from the copyright owners. The book may be freely downloaded in electronic form at http . Printed copies can also be purchased inexpensively from http . For more information about Creative Commons licenses go to http or send a letter to Creative Commons 171 Second Street Suite 300 San Francisco California 94105 USA. To cite this book please see the entry for Poli Langdon and McPhee 2008 in the bibliography. ISBN 978-1-4092-0073-4 softcover Preface Genetic programming GP is a collection of evolutionary computation techniques that allow computers to solve problems automatically. Since its inception twenty years ago GP has