tailieunhanh - Lexical Categories verbs nouns and adjectives phần 8

Tham khảo tài liệu 'lexical categories verbs nouns and adjectives phần 8', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 216 Adjectives as neither nouns nor verbs degree head. The degree is no longer in a local syntactic configuration with the bearer of the role that it is supposed to theta-bind thus it runs afoul of the basic condition stated in 44 Higginbotham 1985 565 . 44 A head X can theta-bind a role in the theta-grid of Y only if Y is in the minimal domain of X. The HMC and 44 thus conspire in such a way that it is impossible for a degree head to appear with a gradable verb. Why then is it possible for the grade role of a verb to be discharged by an adverbial constituent as shown back in 40a The minimal difference is that when an adverb is merged with the AP component of the verb the A is the head of resulting category rather than the degree-expressing adverb as shown in 43b . This makes all the difference. The degree adverb is in the necessary local configuration to bind the grade role but it does not intervene between the A head and Pred in the way that triggers an HMC violation. The A can then conflate into Pred deriving a sentence like Mary hungers a lot. Verbs can combine with degree-specifying elements then but only if they are adverbs not functional heads that project their own phrases. In contrast conflation does not apply to surface adjectives so nothing is violated if the degree-expressing item is counted as the head of the phrase as in 42 .19 This analysis makes the additional prediction that the degree-like adverbs must be argument-like elements that are generated relatively low in the structure - the kind of adverb for which Larson s 1988 analysis of adverbs as innermost arguments seems appropriate. This prediction is borne out by the data in 45 . With eventive verbs the degree-like adverb a lot has a frequency meaning making it a near synonym of often as shown in 45a . But a lot is clearly different from often in that it has to appear inside VP to the right of the verb s objects. A lot cannot be adjoined to tense as many other adverbs can including often 45b . .

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