tailieunhanh - Lexical Categories verbs nouns and adjectives phần 3

Tham khảo tài liệu 'lexical categories verbs nouns and adjectives phần 3', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 52 Verbs as licensers of subjects In such a language the derivation in 6ib in which a noun or adjective moves through Pred to tense is legitimate. This is the source of 65b c .16 The difference between 63 and 66 clearly comes down to a morphological property of the particular tense morphemes themselves. As such it can vary not only from language to language but even from tense to tense within a particular language. Turkish is a case in point Wetzer 1996 . Four tense categories present past conditional and inferential attach directly to nouns and adjectives as well as to verbs in this language whereas the others continua-tive aorist future necessitive and optative need a verbal copula when they co-occur with nouns or adjectives. Thus the past tense in Turkish looks like Abaza and the future tense in Turkish looks like Arabic 67 a in-di-m descend-PAST-isS I descended versus b zengin-di-m rich-PAST -isS I was rich versus c bahcivan-di-m gardener-PAST - isS I am a gardener versus gel-ecek-sin come-FUT-2sS you will come zengin ol -acak-sin rich be-FUT-2sS you will be rich ogretmen ol -acak-0. teacher be-FUT-3sS s he will be a teacher My theory thus allows room for a certain amount of crosslinguistic variation in how tense is realized which is an advantage over an approach that defines verbs in terms of tense and related inflections. However I take it that tense cannot specify which lexical category it attaches to. This derives an implicational universal tenses and related elements attach to nouns and adjectives in a given language only if they also attach to verbs. This follows from the fact that verbs are structurally closer to tense than predicative nouns and adjectives by virtue of taking subjects directly. Therefore verbs are the easiest lexical category for tense to attach to. That this morphological universal holds is not big news but the fact that it can be explained by an independently motivated syntactic definition of verb is a significant result. 16 A few .