tailieunhanh - Air Sampling and Industrial Hygiene Engineering - Chapter 11

Giám sát đối với rủi ro về độc tính Chương này cung cấp thông tin theo dõi khi các cá nhân có nguy cơ lớn hơn từ các hiệu ứng độc hại. Những cá nhân này có thể được miễn dịch bị tổn hại do hoặc bệnh tật hay tuổi tác (tức là, trẻ sơ sinh, trẻ em ba tuổi, người lớn tiếp cận tuổi già). Nhấn mạnh đặc biệt được trao cho các giám sát có thể được thực hiện mà không cần cưỡng ép tình cảm. Tiếp xúc với giám sát có thể được thực hiện đối với các. | CHAPTER 11 Monitoring for Toxicological Risk This chapter gives monitoring information when individuals are at greater risk from toxic effects. These individuals may be immune compromised due to either disease or age . newborns children to age three adults approaching old age . Special emphasis is given to monitoring that can be accomplished without emotional duress. Exposure monitoring may be conducted for chemical physical agents to determine toxicological and carcinogenic chemical risk or other exposure parameters. The need for monitoring is based on the adequacy of the historical exposure data and the nature of the stress. Exposure monitoring is conducted to characterize personnel exposure where there is little or no database information or when operation process conditions have changed. The data are used to assess the need for engineering and or administrative controls or the use of protective equipment. Employees should be notified of the results as soon as possible after the data have been collected and evaluated. Industrial hygiene reports are issued after completion of the sample collection and analysis portions of the monitoring surveys. Monitoring is performed as specified in OSHA regulations 29 CFR laboratory 29 CFR hazardous waste operations and emergency response 29 CFR asbestos tremolite antho-phylite and actinolite 29 CFR benzene 29 CFR cadmium and any other situations deemed appropriate. TYPES OF SAMPLING Four types of samples are taken to determine potential or actual exposures to chemical stresses within the workplace long-term 8-12 h TWA samples short-term samples 5 to 60 min area samples and wipe tests. Long-Term Samples Long-term samples are collected to determine average exposures throughout the typical work shift. Usually four to six samples are sufficient to assess the exposure potential for a job classification. 2001 CRC Press LLC Short-Term Samples Short-term samples are