tailieunhanh - The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies Part 9

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the handbook of science and technology studies part 9', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 546 Nelly Oudshoorn and Trevor Pinch because it initially appeared as a brown good that enticed male consumers but later became another white good part of the infrastructure of the household but no longer an object to get excited about. While different microwaves are not marketed to different female and male users interestingly van Oost 2003 shows how in the case of shavers the gendering goes further with different shavers being designed and marketed in very different ways for male and female users. Gender studies like technology studies in general reflects a shift in the conceptualization of users from passive recipients to active participants. Whereas in the early feminist literature women s relation to technology had been conceptualized predominantly in terms of victims of technology the scholarship of the last two decades has emphasized women s active role in the appropriation of technology. This shift in emphasis was explicitly articulated in the first feminist collection of historical research on technology Dynamos and Virgins Revisited published in 1979 which included a section on women as active participants in technological change Lehrman et al. 1997 11 .4 Granting agency to users particularly women can thus be considered as a central concept in the feminist approach to understanding user-technology relations. Another key concept in feminist studies of technology is the notion of diversity. As has been suggested by Cowan users come in many different shapes and sizes Cowan 1987 . Medical technologies for example incorporate a wide variety of users including patients health professionals hospital administrators nurses and patients families. So who is the user This question is far from trivial. The very act of identifying specific individuals or groups as users may facilitate or constrain the actual role groups of users are allowed to play in shaping the development and use of technologies. Different groups involved in the design of technologies may have .

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