tailieunhanh - Pathophysiology Review - part 3

Nguyên nhân tăng huyết áp không được kiểm soát Tại sao không kiểm soát tăng huyết áp gây ra các cơ tâm thất và vách ngăn để trở thành phì đại. Điều này làm cho các phòng thực tế của tim trở nên rất nhỏ và ít khối lượng đẩy ra khỏi tim, giảm cung lượng tim. Ít phía trước dòng chảy dẫn ngược dòng chảy Các | CHAPTER 6 Cardiovascular System 167 Enlarged heart muscle Figure 6-2. A. Normal heart. B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Medications not helpful. Removal of blood at regular intervals reduces amount of stored iron in clients with iron overload. Heart transplant. What can harm my client Infection. Malnutrition. Fall injury. Depression. If I were your teacher I would test you on . Causes and why. Signs and symptoms and why. Cardiac physical assessment. Diagnostic tests. Nursing actions to increase oxygenation. End-of-life care. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy what causes it and why See Figure 6-2 and Tables 6-10 and 6-11. Table 6-10 Causes Why Uncontrolled hypertension Uncontrolled hypertension causes the ventricles and septum muscle to become hypertrophic. This causes the actual chambers of the heart to become very small and little volume ejects out of the heart decreasing cardiac output. Less forward flow leads to backward flow Inherited gene The inherited gene affects the cells of the myocardium sarcomeres so that there is hypertrophy and asymmetry of the left ventricle Acromegaly Excessive growth of the heart muscle due to overproduction of growth hormone Source Created by author from References 3 4 5 6 9 and 10. 168 MARLENE HURST Hurst Reviews Pathophysiology Review Coronary artery circulation occurs during diastole when the ventricles relax. This slows heart rate and increases diastolic time giving the heart muscle more time for oxygen delivery. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy signs and symptoms and why Table 6-11 Signs and symptoms Why Fatigue weakness Late signs include signs and symptoms of left-sided heart failure such as nocturnal dyspnea S3 pink frothy sputum cough crackles orthopnea tachycardia restlessness shortness of breath The left ventricle becomes a large stiff muscle mass. This leaves very little room to fill the left ventricle with volume. As a result cardiac output drops. Less ventricular filling and less forward flow results in fluid backing up into .