tailieunhanh - the oxford essensial guide to writing phần 6

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the oxford essensial guide to writing phần 6', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 3 RHYTHM 227 x x x x x x x x x x The man was standing on the stairs and far below we saw the boy who X I XI X I X I wore an old unpressed and ragged suit. The sentence has one of the same difficulties as the first example it needs to be divided more clearly or at least its first two clauses do . But it also has a different problem its syllabic rhythm is too regular. With one exception the sentence scans as a series of unvaried The regularity dominates the sentence obscuring shadings of emphasis. If the iambic pattern is made less relentless the sentence sounds much better X XX 7 I X I X X I X X The man stood on the stairs far below we saw the boy dressed in an I x I I X I old unpressed ragged suit. The changes substituting stood for was standing and dressed for who wore and replacing two ands with a semicolon and a comma break up the excessive sameness of the syllabic beat. Yet they leave pattern enough to please the ear. Furthermore the clustered stresses now focus the reader s attention upon key points II I I I X I I X man stood . boy dressed . old unpressed ragged suit Meaningful Rhythm Good rhythm enters into the meaning of the sentence not only reinforcing the words but often giving them nuances they might not otherwise have. 2. An iamb is a unit of two syllables a nonstress and a stress as in the word X I . X above. The one exception in the example is the four syllables -ing X X on the stairs. 228 THE SENTENCE Mimetic Rhythm Mimetic means imitative. Mimetic rhythm imitates the perception a sentence describes or the feeling or ideas it conveys x x x x x xx x The tide reaches flood stage slackens hesitates and begins to ebb. Rachel Carson The flowing tide is suggested by the very movement of this sentence which runs smoothly and uninterruptedly to a midpoint slows down pauses the commas and then picks up and runs to its end. Here is a similar somewhat longer sentence about Niagara Falls xx xx xx x x xx x x On the edge of disaster the river seems to .

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