tailieunhanh - Handbook of Empirical Economics and Finance _14

Tham khảo tài liệu 'handbook of empirical economics and finance _14', tài chính - ngân hàng, tài chính doanh nghiệp phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 384 Handbook of Empirical Economics and Finance Conditional on h the MLE of 8 p py is identical to the GLS N -1 N E A XQ- A jtJ A XAyi i 1 i 1 where iAx 0 0 A yi-1 When h is unknown one can use a two-step procedure. In the first step we regress Ay 1 on Axi to obtain Ở2 and apply GMM to obtain Ở2. In the second step we substitute estimated h for h in Equation . However the feasible GLS is not as efficient as GLS for detail see Hsiao Pesaran and Tahmiscoglu 2002 . Models with Both Individual- and Time-Specific Additive Effects When time-specific effects also appear in vit as in Equation the estimators ignoring the presence of t like those discussed in Sections to are no longer consistent when T is finite. For notational ease and without loss of generality we illustrate the fundamental issues of dynamic model with both individual- and time-specific additive effects model by restricting p 0 in Equation thus the model becomes yit p yi t-1 Vit vit ai t iit i 1 . N t 1 . T y0 observable. The panel data estimators discussed in Sections and assume no presence of xt . xt 0Vt . When xt are indeed present those estimators are not consistent if T is finite when N rc . For instance the consistency of GMM Equation is based on the assumption that Ns 1 yit- j Avit converges to the population moments Equation . However if xt are also present as in Equation this condition is likely to be violated. To see this taking first difference of Equation yields Ayt pAy t-1 Avit pAyi t-1 AXt Aeit i 1 . N t 2 . T. Dynamic Panel Data Models 385 Although E yi t-jÁVit 0 for j 2 . t the sample moment as N rc 1 N 1 -N. 1 jy N E yi t-j Avit N E yi t-j AXt N E yi t- j Aeit converges to j t-j AXt which in general is not equal to zero in particular if yit has mean different from zero 5 where yt N N 1 yit. To obtain consistent estimators of p we need to take explicit account of the presence of xt

TỪ KHÓA LIÊN QUAN
crossorigin="anonymous">
Đã phát hiện trình chặn quảng cáo AdBlock
Trang web này phụ thuộc vào doanh thu từ số lần hiển thị quảng cáo để tồn tại. Vui lòng tắt trình chặn quảng cáo của bạn hoặc tạm dừng tính năng chặn quảng cáo cho trang web này.