tailieunhanh - lubricants and hydraulic fluids Episode 2 Episode 4

Tham khảo tài liệu 'lubricants and hydraulic fluids episode 2 episode 4', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | EM 1110-2-1424 28 Feb 99 Chapter 8 Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants 8-1. General Mineral-oil-based lubricating oils greases and hydraulic fluids are found in widespread use throughout Corps of Engineers facilities. However these products are usually toxic and not readily biodegradable. Because of these characteristics if these materials escape to the environment the impacts tend to be cumulative and consequently harmful to plant fish and wildlife. Due to these potential hazards the Environmental Protection Agency EPA and other government regulators have imposed increasingly stringent regulations on the use containment and disposal of these materials. For instance the EPA requires that no visible oil sheen be evident downstream from facilities located in or close to waterways. Another regulation requires that point discharges into waterways should not exceed 10 parts per million ppm of mineral-based oils. Corps facilities such as hydropower plants flood-control pumping plants and lock-and-dam sites either are or have the potential to become polluters due to the use of mineral-oil-based materials in these facilities. Grease hydraulic fluids and oil leaking from equipment may be carried into the waterway. Because of the difficulty in completely eliminating spills and discharges of these mineral-oilbased materials and to alleviate concerns about their impact on the environment a new class of environmentally acceptable EA materials is becoming available and starting to find increasing use in sensitive locations. EA lubricants as contrasted to mineral-oil-based equivalents are nontoxic and decompose into water and carbon dioxide CO2 . EA fluids are frequently made from renewable resources which reduces dependency on mineral oils. 8-2. Definition of Environmentally Acceptable EA Lubricants a. The lubrication industry uses a variety of terms to address environmental lubricants. A few of these terms all preceded by the term environmentally are acceptable aware benign .