tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: Muramyl-dipeptide-induced mitochondrial proton leak in macrophages is associated with upregulation of uncoupling protein 2 and the production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species

The synthetic immunomodulator muramyl dipeptide (MDP) has been shown to induce, in vivo, mitochondrial proton leak. In the present work, we extended these findings to the cellular level and confirmed the effects of MDPin vitro on murine macrophages. | IFEBS Journal Muramyl-dipeptide-induced mitochondrial proton leak in macrophages is associated with upregulation of uncoupling protein 2 and the production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species Takla G. El-Khoury Georges M. Bahr and Karim S. Echtay Faculty of Medicine and MedicalSciences and Faculty of Sciences University of Balamand Tripoli Lebanon Keywords mitochondria muramylpeptides nitric oxide respiratory control ratio superoxide anion UCP2 Correspondence K. S. Echtay Faculty of Medicine and MedicalSciences University of Balamand PO Box 100 Tripoli Lebanon Fax 961 6 930279 Tel 961 3 714125 E-mail Received 5 May 2011 revised 13 June 2011 accepted 28 June 2011 doi The synthetic immunomodulator muramyl dipeptide MDP has been shown to induce in vivo mitochondrial proton leak. In the present work we extended these findings to the cellular level and confirmed the effects of MDP in vitro on murine macrophages. The macrophage system was then used to analyse the mechanism of the MDP-induced mitochondrial proton leak. Our results demonstrate that the cellular levels of superoxide anion and nitric oxide were significantly elevated in response to MDP. Moreover isolated mitochondria from cells treated with MDP presented a significant decrease in respiratory control ratio an effect that was absent following treatment with a non-toxic analogue such as murabutide. Stimulation of cells with MDP but not with murabutide rapidly upregulates the expression of the mitochondrial protein uncoupling protein 2 UCP2 and pretreatment with vitamin E attenuates upregulation of UCP2. These findings suggest that the MDP-induced reactive species upregulate UCP2 expression in order to counteract the effects of MDP on mitochondrial respiratory efficiency. Introduction Uncoupling proteins UCPs are members of the anion carrier family molecules present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mammals express five UCP homologues

• Báo cáo khoa học
• Scientific reports
• scientific research
• molecular Biology
• macrophages
• medicine
• oxidation
• Selective Oxidation
• Gold Nanoparticles
• Aerobic Oxidation
• Oxidation Catalysts
• Crystalline Materials
• Molecular Oxygen
• Nuclear engineering and technology
• The recycling of nuclear graphite after micro oxidation
• Nuclear graphite after micro oxidation
• Whether ground micro oxidation graphite
• The oxidized graphite particles
• The recycling of nuclear graphite
• Dietary fructose
• Fatty acid oxidation
• Hepatic steatosis
• Fatty acid β oxidation
• Lipid oxidation
• Meal extracts
• Refined soybean oil
• Total oxidation value
• Meal extracts on retarding lipid oxidation
• Environmental advances
• Volatile organic compounds
• Ozone oxidation technique
• Catalytic ozone oxidation
• Ozone oxidation
• breast cancer
• disorders
• Fatty acid
• Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology
• Masterbatch containing anti oxidation additive
• Anti oxidation master batch
• Melt flow index
• Tensile strength and elongation
• Vietnam Journal of Chemistry
• Mg Al MoO4 layered double hydroxides
• Catalysts for the oxidation of styrene
• The oxidation of styrene
• The synthesized solids showed the layered hydroxide structure
• Effects of ascorbic acid treatment
• Packaging method on lipid oxidation
• Frozen storage
• Ascorbic acid
• Vacuum packaging
• Lipid oxidation
• CO oxidation
• Manganese oxides
• Binary catalysts
• Formic acid oxidation
• Novel binary catalysts
• Thermal spray
• NiCr Al duplex coating
• Oxidation resistance
• Carbon steel substrate
• High temperature oxidation resistant
• High temperature working parts
• High temperature steam oxidation kinetics
• High temperature oxidation
• Weight gain measurements
• E110 cladding tubes material
• Copper oxide
• Thin films
• Thermal oxidation
• Annealing temperature
• Thermal oxidation method
• X ray diffraction measurement
• Journal of Chemistry
• Aftertreatment systems
• Diesel oxidation catalyst
• Bimetallic catalyst
• Commercial monolith
• Journal of Science and Technology
• Plasma electrolytic oxidation coating
• 6061 Al alloy
• Electrolyte without alkali ions
• Plasma electrolytic oxidation
• Porous nickel
• Cast nickel
• Duplex macrostructure
• Inward migration
• Linear kinetics
• Redox process
• Oxidation reduction reactions
• Oxidation reduction reactions in geochemistry
• Extremely reducing or oxidizing conditions
• Reduction potentials in geochemistry
• Benzyl alcohol oxidation
• Peripherally 1 2 dinaphthyl ethanediol
• Phthalocyanine complexes
• UV Vis light absorption
• Catalytic oxidation
• polyamine
• oxidase K300M
• Report medicine
• traditional medicine
• Crystal structure
• bacteria
• biochemistry
• hemoglobin
• biopreservation
• cytoplasm
• chemical reaction
• tumor cells