tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa hoc : Characterizing the complexity of enzymes on the basis of their mechanisms and structures with a bio-computational analysis

Enzymes are basically composed of 20 naturally occurring amino acids, yet they catalyse a dizzying array of chemical reactions, with regiospecificity and stereospecificity and under physiological conditions. In this review, we attempt to gain some understanding of these complex proteins | IFEBS Journal REVIEW ARTICLE Characterizing the complexity of enzymes on the basis of their mechanisms and structures with a bio-computational analysis Gemma L. Holliday1 Julia D. Fischer1 John B. O. Mitchell2 and Janet M. Thornton1 1 EMBL-EBI Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Cambridge UK 2 BiomedicalSciences Research Complex and EaStCHEM Schoolof Chemistry University of St Andrews UK Keywords active sites catalysis enzyme evolution MACiE mechanism specificity structure Correspondence G. L. Holliday EMBL-EBI Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge CB10 1SD UK Fax 44 1223 494496 Tel 44 1223 492535 E-mail gemma@ Website http thornton-srv databases MACiE Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Terms and Conditions set out at http onlineopen OnlineOpen_Terms Received 5 April 2011 revised 16 May 2011 accepted 20 May 2011 doi Enzymes are basically composed of 20 naturally occurring amino acids yet they catalyse a dizzying array of chemical reactions with regiospecificity and stereospecificity and under physiological conditions. In this review we attempt to gain some understanding of these complex proteins from the chemical versatility of the catalytic toolkit including the use of cofactors both metal ions and organic molecules to the complex mapping of reactions to proteins which is rarely one-to-one and finally the structural complexity of enzymes and their active sites often involving multidomain or multisubunit assemblies. This work highlights how the enzymes that we see today reflect millions of years of evolution involving de novo design followed by exquisite regulation and modulation to create optimal fitness for life. Introduction Enzymes are protein polymers that catalyse biochemical reactions and without them life as we know it could not exist. Although enzymes are the most prominent of biological catalysts examples of RNA catalysts termed ribozymes have been .

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