tailieunhanh - The Teacher’s Grammar BookSecond Edition phần 3

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the teacher’s grammar booksecond edition phần 3', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | TEACHING GRAMMAR 45 the word ball. The connection between object and name develops in a meaningful context the instruction is indirect because it is incidental to the play and the child develops a lasting mental model of the term. The influence of contemporary writing pedagogy is evident in the structure of the classroom The literacy approach emphasizes a grammar curriculum that is based on writing as well as reading and it is predicated on the notion that students must write and revise frequently using feedback from peers and the teacher to move their revisions forward. Weaver 1996 for example recommended that students read and write every day. Teachers facilitate the writing process by circulating as students produce drafts reading work in progress and providing helpful suggestions. In this context grammar instruction is part of writing instruction. The pedagogy provides that when teachers see common problems in student work they stop the writing activity and offer brief instruction on the spot see Williams 2003a . A couple of examples will illustrate the approach. Student writers frequently have trouble with agreement owing to the influence of conversational patterns. They will produce sentences like Everyone took their books to the library. Everyone is singular but their is plural which creates an error in agreement. Noticing this problem teachers call a halt to writing activities and explain how to change the sentence in keeping with Standard conventions Everyone took his or her books to the library or All the students took their books to the library . Likewise they may observe several students who are using the word impact rather than effect a very common usage error The new policy had a significant impact on school funding The new policy had a significant effect on school funding. Teachers then intervene with a short lesson on the meaning of the words and their proper use in English. Such minilessons never last more than 10 minutes which means that they .