tailieunhanh - Objects of Metaphor phần 9

Tham khảo tài liệu 'objects of metaphor phần 9', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Embellishment 243 charged with metaphor but Cooper goes on to note Since there clearly are literal utterances which we can distinguish from metaphorical ones Bolinger s claim is absurd Cooper 1986 259 . So Hobbes s unfairness seems to undermine his claim and Nietzsche perhaps says something obviously true which can be over-inflated. Still it is not easy to avoid feeling that these writers and others are taking sides in what is a substantial debate about the importance of metaphor. What I think true and will argue in the remainder of this section is there is something right in both the Hobbesian and Nietzschean attitudes towards metaphor. Without going along with the letter of what Hobbes says I think it true that metaphor is often mainly a stylistic ornament. And without basing my claim on the corpses of dead metaphors which Nietzsche finds in our assertions corpses scattered widely in dictionaries I think there is good reason to think that metaphor has a kind of primacy that Cooper thinks absurd. However I do not think much follows about the importance of metaphor from either of the claims I shall defend. I do realize that this sounds paradoxical but I hope you will come to see that it isn t. As you would expect I think the key to getting all these matters straight lies in the semantic descent account. According to that account metaphor is fundamentally a linguistic phenomenon. We render metaphors intelligible when we find certain words in them employed to access objects and the objects thus made salient functioning as predicates or as ingredients in predicates. Looked at from the middle distance there isn t much difference between making an assertion using as it were only words and making an assertion that is a metaphor. Nor is this only a matter of communication to others formulating thoughts is no less a matter of choice between words and the processes of metaphor. Wanting to characterize Juliet Romeo can reach either for words that are ready-made for this .