tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: Mechanisms of obesity and related pathology: linking immune responses to metabolic stress

There is a tightly regulated interaction, which is well-conserved in evolution, between the metabolic and immune systems that is deranged in states of over- or under-nutrition. Obesity, an energy-rich condition, is characterized by the activation of an inflammatory process in metaboli-cally active sites such as adipose tissue, liver and immune cells. | ỊFEBS Journal MINIREVIEW Mechanisms of obesity and related pathology linking immune responses to metabolic stress Katia 2 Panagiotis Giannogonas1 Elisavet Kodela1 Yassemi Koutmani1 Manolis Zoumakis3 and Thalia Teli1 1 BiomedicalResearch Foundation of the Academy of Athens BRFAA Greece 2 Children s Hospital Boston MA USA 3 Aghia Sophia Hospital University of Athens Medical School Greece Keywords 11P-HSD adipokines endoplasmic reticulum glucocorticoid inflammation IKKP NFkB JNK neuropeptides obesity oxidative stress Correspondence K. P. Karalis Foundation for Biomedical Research of the Academy of Athens 4 Soranou Efessiou Street GR-11527 Papagou Greece Fax 30 210 6597545 Tel 30 210 6597465 E-mail kkarali@ Received 12 May 2009 revised 22 July 2009 accepted 13 August 2009 doi There is a tightly regulated interaction which is well-conserved in evolution between the metabolic and immune systems that is deranged in states of over- or under-nutrition. Obesity an energy-rich condition is characterized by the activation of an inflammatory process in metaboli-cally active sites such as adipose tissue liver and immune cells. The consequence of this response is a sharp increase in circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines adipokines and other inflammatory markers. Activation of the immune response in obesity is mediated by specific signaling pathways with Jun N-terminal kinase and IkB kinase p nuclear factor k-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells being the most well studied. It is known that the above events modify insulin signaling and result in the development of insulin resistance. The nutrient overload characterizing obesity is a metabolic stressor associated with intracellular organelle . the endoplasmic reticulum stress. The exact characterization of the series of events and the mechanisms that integrate the inflammatory response with metabolic homeostasis at the cellular and systemic level is a very .