tailieunhanh - Environmental engineers handbook - Chapter 2

Môi trường Luật Chính sách Quốc gia (NEPA) năm 1969 (PL91-190) đã được gọi là Magna Carta môi trường ở Hoa Kỳ (Hội đồng về môi trường Chất lượng năm 1993). Mục đích của hành động này, cũng tiếp theo của Hội đồng về chất lượng môi trường (CEQ) hướng dẫn và quy định, là để đảm bảo cân bằng ra quyết định xảy ra trong tổng lợi ích công cộng. Dự án quy hoạch và ra quyết định nên xem xét kỹ thuật, kinh tế, môi trường, xã hội, và các yếu tố. Đánh giá tác động môi trường (EIA) có thể được định nghĩa như việc xác định. | 2 Environmental Impact Assessment Larry W. Canter BACKGROUND CONCEPTUAL AND ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION Key Definitions Impact Significance Determination Trends in Process Application EIA METHODS THE BROAD PERSPECTIVE INTERACTION MATRIX AND SIMPLE CHECKLIST METHODS Development of a Simple Matrix Summary Observations on Simple Matrices Simple Checklists TECHNIQUES FOR IMPACT PREDICTION Classification of Prediction Techniques Current Use of Techniques Simple Techniques Indices and Experimental Methods Mathematical Models DECISION-FOCUSED CHECKLISTS Conceptual Basis for Tradeoff Analysis Importance Weighting for Decision Factors Scaling Rating or Ranking of Alternatives Development of a Decision Matrix Examples of Decision-Focused Checklists Current Trends in Decision-Making Tools Summary Observations on Decision-Focused Checklists PREPARATION OF WRITTEN DOCUMENTATION ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING EMERGING ISSUES IN THE EIA PROCESS INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 1999 CRC Press LLC Introduction The National Environmental Policy Act NEPA of 1969 PL91-190 has been referred to as the Magna Carta for the environment in the United States Council on Environmental Quality 1993 . The thrust of this act as well as that of subsequent Council on Environmental Quality CEQ guidelines and regulations is to ensure that balanced decision making occurs in the total public interest. Project planning and decision making should consider technical economic environmental social and other factors. Environmental impact assessment EIA can be defined as the systematic identification and evaluation of the potential impacts effects of proposed projects plans programs or legislative actions relative to the physical-chemical biological cultural and socioeconomic components of the environment. The primary purpose of the EIA process also called the NEPA process is to encourage the consideration of the environment in planning and decision .