tailieunhanh - The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 7

Dầu phục hồi trên nước Recovery là bước tiếp theo sau khi ngăn chặn hoạt động dọn dẹp tràn dầu. Nó thường là bước tiến quan trọng trong việc loại bỏ dầu từ môi trường. Như đã thảo luận trong chương trước, một mục tiêu quan trọng ngăn chặn là tập trung dầu vào lớp dày để tạo điều kiện phục hồi. Trong thực tế, giai đoạn ngăn chặn và phục hồi hoạt động dọn dẹp tràn dầu thường được thực hiện cùng một lúc. Ngay sau khi bùng nổ được triển khai tại các trang web của một thiết bị,. | CHAPTER 7 Oil Recovery on Water Recovery is the next step after containment in an oil spill cleanup operation. It is often the major step in removing oil from the environment. As discussed in the previous chapter an important objective of containment is to concentrate oil into thick layers to facilitate recovery. In fact the containment and recovery phases of an oil spill cleanup operation are often carried out at the same time. As soon as booms are deployed at the site of a spill equipment and personnel are mobilized to take advantage of the increased oil thickness favourable weather and less weathered oil. After oil spreads or becomes highly weathered recovery becomes less viable and is sometimes impossible. This chapter covers three major approaches to the physical recovery of oil from the water surface namely skimmers sorbents and manual recovery. In many cases all of these approaches are used in a spill situation. Each method has limitations depending on the amount of oil spilled sea and weather conditions and the geographical location of the spill. Alternative methods for treating oil directly on water are discussed in Chapters 9 and 10. The recovery of oil spilled on land is discussed in Chapter 12. Skimmers Skimmers are mechanical devices designed to remove oil from the water surface. They vary greatly in size application and capacity as well as in recovery efficiency. Skimmers are classified according to the area where they are used for example inshore offshore in shallow water or in rivers and by the viscosity of the oil they are intended to recover that is heavy or light oil. Skimmers are available in a variety of forms including independent units built into a vessel or containment device and units that operate in either a stationary or mobile advancing mode. Some skimmers have storage space for the recovered oil and some of these also have other equipment such as separators to treat the recovered oil. 2000 by CRC Press LLC Photo 59 A rope skimmer can be