tailieunhanh - The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 5

Phát hiện, phân tích, và Viễn thám của sự cố tràn dầu Dụng cụ đặc biệt đôi khi cần thiết để phát hiện một vụ tràn dầu, đặc biệt là nếu khéo léo rất mỏng hoặc không rõ ràng. Ví dụ, nếu tràn xảy ra vào ban đêm, trong băng, hoặc trong cỏ dại, bóng mượt dầu phải được phát hiện và theo dõi bằng cách sử dụng các thiết bị trên tàu bay, vệ tinh, tàu vũ trụ. Công nghệ này được gọi là các cảm biến từ xa. Ngoài ra còn có công nghệ bề mặt có sẵn để. | CHAPTER 5 Detection Analysis and Remote Sensing of Oil Spills Special instruments are sometimes required to detect an oil spill especially if the slick is very thin or not clearly visible. For example if a spill occurs at night in ice or among weeds the oil slick must be detected and tracked using instruments onboard aircraft satellites or spacecraft. This technology is known as remote sensing. There are also surface technologies available to detect and track oil slicks. In addition samples of the oil must often be obtained and analyzed to determine the oil s properties its degree of weathering its source or its potential impact on the environment. This analysis as well as tracking and remote sensing technologies are discussed in this chapter. THE IMPORTANCE OF ANALYTICAL AND DETECTION TECHNOLOGIES In the past when an oil spill occurred the location and extent of the spill the potential behaviour of the oil and its impact on the environment were often not immediately known. Today technology is available to provide much of this information. Laboratory analysis can provide information to help identify an oil if its source is unknown and a sample is available. With a sample of the source oil the degree of weathering and the amount of evaporation or biodegradation can be determined for the spilled oil. Through laboratory analysis the more-toxic compounds in the oil can be measured and the relative toxicity of the oil at various stages of the spill can be determined. This is valuable information to have as the spill progresses. 2000 by CRC Press LLC Photo 39 Oil must often be analyzed in the laboratory to determine its origin and characteristics. Environment Canada SAMPLING AND LABORATORY ANALYSIS Taking a sample of oil and then transporting it to a laboratory for subsequent analysis is common practice. While there are many procedures for taking oil samples it is always important to ensure that the oil is not tainted from contact with other materials and that the sample