tailieunhanh - The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 4

Hành vi của dầu trong môi trường Khi dầu tràn, cho dù trên mặt nước, đất, một số các quá trình chuyển đổi xảy ra THT được gọi là "hành vi" của dầu. Hai loại của các quá trình chuyển đổi sẽ được thảo luận trong chương này. Đầu tiên là thời tiết, một loạt các quá trình mà trong đó các đặc tính vật lý và hóa học của dầu thay đổi sau khi vụ tràn dầu. Thứ hai là một nhóm của các quá trình liên quan đến sự chuyển động của dầu trong môi trường. Mô hình tràn. | CHAPTER 4 Behaviour of Oil in the Environment When oil is spilled whether on water or land a number of transformation processes occur tht are referred to as the behaviour of the oil. Two types of transformation processes are discussed in this chapter. The first is weathering a series of processes whereby the physical and chemical properties of the oil change after the spill. The second is a group of processes related to the movement of oil in the environment. Spill modelling is also included in the section on oil movement. Weathering and movement processes can overlap with weathering strongly influencing how oil is moved in the environment and vice versa. These processes depend very much on the type of oil spilled and the weather conditions during and after the spill. THE IMPORTANCE OF BEHAVIOUR AND FATE The specific behaviour processes that occur after an oil spill determine how the oil should be cleaned up and its effect on the environment. For example if an oil evaporates rapidly cleanup is less intense but the hydrocarbons in the oil enter the atmosphere and cause air pollution. An oil slick could be carried by surface currents or winds to a bird colony or to a shore where seals or sea lions are breeding and severely affect the wildlife and their habitat. On the other hand a slick could be carried out to sea where it disperses naturally and has little direct effect on the environment. In fact the fate and effects of a particular spill are determined by the behaviour processes that are in turn almost entirely determined by the type of oil and the environmental conditions at the time of the spill. Spill responders need to know the ultimate fate of the oil to take measures to minimize the overall impact of the spill. 2000 by CRC Press LLC An Overview of Weathering Oil Spill Weathering Highlights Evaporation is usually the most important weathering process as it has the greatest effect on the fate of oil. At 15 C and over a two-day period gasoline evaporates .