tailieunhanh - Ecological Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites - Chapter 5

Mô tả đặc tính rủi ro trong các đánh giá sàng lọc -S. Savage-Rumbaugh và R. Lewin (1994) Tất cả các sinh vật với các hệ thống phức tạp thần kinh đang phải đối mặt với câu hỏi thời điểm bymoment được gây ra bởi cuộc sống: Tôi phải làm gì tiếp theo? Kiểm tra đánh giá rủi ro sinh thái (SERAs) là một thành phần quan trọng của quá trình khắc phục hậu quả, đặc biệt là trên các trang web lớn với các chất thải khác nhau. Mục đích chính của đánh giá rủi ro kiểm tra là để thu hẹp. | 5 Risk Characterization in Screening Assessments All organisms with complex nervous systems are faced with the moment-by-moment question that is posed by life What shall I do next S. Savage-Rumbaugh and R. Lewin 1994 Screening ecological risk assessments SERAs are a critical component of the remedial process particularly on large sites with diverse wastes. The primary purpose of screening risk assessments is to narrow the scope of subsequent assessment activities by focusing on those aspects of the site that constitute credible potential risks. SERAs are performed by a process of elimination. Beginning with a site description and the full list of chemicals that are suspected to constitute site contaminants one can potentially eliminate Particular chemicals or classes of chemicals as chemicals of potential ecological concern Particular media as sources of contaminant exposure Particular ecological receptors as credible assessment endpoints Ecological risks as a consideration in the remedial action A secondary purpose of screening risk assessments is to identify situations that call for emergency responses. That is a screening assessment may identify ongoing exposures that are causing severe and clearly unacceptable ecological effects or potential sources of exposure that are likely to cause severe and clearly unacceptable ecological effects in the immediate future. In such cases the usual remedial schedule is bypassed to perform a removal action or other appropriate response. No guidance is provided for such decisions because there are no generally applicable rules for defining an ecological emergency. They must be identified ad hoc. Finally screening assessments serve to identify data gaps. Media or classes of chemicals that have not been analyzed for which analyses are of unacceptably low quality or quantity or for which the spatial or temporal distribution has been inadequately characterized should be identified during SERAs. This information serves as input to .