tailieunhanh - Frontiers in Robotics, Automation and Control Part 4

Tham khảo tài liệu 'frontiers in robotics, automation and control part 4', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 6 Motivation in Embodied Intelligence Janusz A. Starzyk Ohio University . 1. Introduction Before artificial intelligence set its mind on developing abstract intelligent agents which can think Alan Turing suggested training embodied machines equipped with sensors and actuators to accomplish intelligent tasks like understanding spoken English Turing 1950 . Looking at intelligence from a different perspective philosopher and neuroscientist Francisco Varela Maturana Varela 1980 Varela et al. 1992 proposed the embodied philosophy of living systems which argues that human cognition can only be understood in terms of the human body and the physical environment with which it interacts. What may seem to be a revelation from a historical perspective early robots built on cybernetic principles demonstrated goal-seeking behavior homeostasis the ability to keep parameters within prescribed ranges and learning abilities Walter 1951 Walter 1953 . These were precursors for embodied intelligence. Perhaps the most influential figure in developing embodied intelligence as a methodology to design intelligent machines is Rodney Brooks. He suggested the design of intelligent machines through interaction with the environment driven by perception and action rather than by a prespecified algorithm Brooks 1991a . Like Hans Moravec before him Moravec 1984 Brooks suggested that locomotion and vision are fundamental for natural intelligence. He also observed that the environment is its best model and that representation is the wrong unit of abstraction . These simple observations revolutionized the way people think about intelligent machines and created a field of research called embodied intelligence . The growth of interest in embodied intelligence that followed Brooks works can be compared to the increase in research activities in artificial intelligence that followed the famous Dartmouth Conference of 1956 McCarthy et al. 1955 or the revival of neural network research in the 1980s. .

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