tailieunhanh - BIOLOGICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS - CHAPTER 9

Kỹ thuật di truyền của Đại lý Biocontrol Côn trùng Để giảm ô nhiễm môi trường từ thuốc trừ sâu hóa học, chú trọng đổi mới đã được đặt trên sự phát triển của các đại lý biocontrol có hiệu quả quản lý côn trùng gây hại và mite. Cơ quan bảo vệ môi trường Văn phòng các Chương trình thuốc trừ sâu, ví dụ, đã thực hiện một quá trình xem xét tăng tốc cho các sản phẩm sinh học. Trong số những lợi thế của bioinsecticides an toàn để nontarget sinh vật và môi trường, thiếu tính độc hại của động vật có. | CHAPTER 9 Genetic Engineering of Biocontrol Agents for Insects Robert L. Harrison and Bryony C. Bonning CONTENTS Introduction Genetic Engineering of Predators and Parasitoids Introduction Predatory Mites and Parasitic Wasps Future Prospects Genetic Engineering of Insect Pathogens Introduction Fungi Nematodes Bacteria . Enterobacteriaceae . Bacillus thuringiensis . Bacillus sphaericus Protozoa Viruses Construction of Recombinant Baculoviruses Recombinant Baculovirus Insecticides Progress Toward Commercialization of Recombinant Baculovirus Insecticides. Future Directions in Genetic Engineering of Baculoviruses Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments References INTRODUCTION In order to reduce environmental contamination from chemical pesticides renewed emphasis has been placed on the development of effective biocontrol agents for management of insect and mite pests. The Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs for example has implemented an accelerated review 2000 by CRC Press LLC process for biological products. Among the advantages of bioinsecticides are their safety to nontarget organisms and the environment lack of mammalian toxicity and absence of toxic residues. Some of the limitations of bioinsecticides such as slow action restricted host range and limited persistence in the field can be addressed by various strategies involving genetic manipulation. In addition to providing a means for improving a given insecticidal product genetic engineering can also provide increased understanding of the biology and pathogenicity of the organism. In this chapter we outline recent progress that has been made in enhancing the efficacy of various natural enemies of insects and mites by using recombinant DNA technology and speculate on future strategies for optimization of these agents by genetic engineering. We use the broader definition