tailieunhanh - Business Ebook John Wiley Sons Inventory Accounting_4

Một vấn đề khác là nhiều chi phí làm cho giá vốn hàng bán có liên quan trên cao, chứ không phải là chi phí trực tiếp liên quan với phế liệu. Để tránh vấn đề này, người ta có thể bao gồm trong giá vốn hàng bán chỉ là lao động trực tiếp và chi phí vật liệu trực tiếp gắn với sản xuất, loại bỏ tất cả các chi phí trên không | Inventory Measurements and Internal Reports I 75 there may be a standard scrap value already included in the bills of material that comprise the standard cost of goods sold so these values must be extracted from the standard in order to determine the actual amount of scrap. Another problem is that there may be other variances contained within the actual cost of goods sold such as a price variance on raw materials purchased. These variances must be calculated and removed from the actual cost of goods sold before the amount of scrap can be determined. Another problem is that many of the costs that make up the cost of goods sold are related to overhead rather than the direct cost associated with scrap. To avoid this problem one can include in the cost of goods sold only the direct labor and direct materials costs associated with production removing all overhead costs. Finally the inherent assumption in this formula is that standard costs are reasonably accurate if not the resulting scrap calculation will be incorrect. 5-13 Average Picking Time A great many best practices in this book involve the attainment of a high level of order picking speed. Because some of the advocated changes involve a considerable capital investment or at least major changes in the scheduling or movement of the picking staff wouldn t it be useful to see if the changes are making a difference The measurement of average picking time is a good way to do so although one must be aware of its shortcomings. To measure the average picking time at the most detailed level one can subtract the time at which an order was completed from the time when a picker received the order. Because this approach to the measurement clearly involves a massive amount of non-value-added timekeeping one can only do it if wireless real-time terminals are being used so the computer system automatically tracks order duration. In the absence of such a system the best approach is to divide the total number of orders completed .

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