tailieunhanh - The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 12

Dầu Tràn lan trên đất Trong khi phần lớn các sự cố tràn dầu ở Canada xảy ra trên đất (xem số liệu thống kê trong Chương 1), tràn đất ít kịch tính hơn so với sự cố tràn trên mặt nước và nhận được ít sự chú ý từ các phương tiện truyền thông và công chúng. Chương này đề cập với các hành vi của dầu tràn trên đất liền và mô tả phương pháp phổ biến ngăn chặn và dọn dẹp sự cố tràn. Có hai loại sự cố tràn đất được thảo luận - những người xảy. | CHAPTER 12 Oil Spills on Land While the vast majority of oil spills in Canada occur on land see statistics in Chapter 1 land spills are less dramatic than spills on water and receive less attention from the media and the public. This chapter deals with the behaviour of oil spilled on land and describes common methods of containment and cleanup for such spills. Two types of land spills are discussed those that occur primarily on the surface of the land and those that occur partially or totally in the subsurface. The sources and the cleanup methods differ for these types of spills. Most surface spills in Canada are the result of oil production such as spills from pipelines and battery sites whereas most subsurface spills are from leaking underground fuel storage tanks or pipelines. Whether on the surface or subsurface however each spill is unique in terms of the type of material spilled the habitat in which the oil is spilled its location and the weather conditions during and after the spill. Protecting human health and safety is still the top priority when cleaning up oil spills on land and in the subsurface although this is only an issue with some spills such as gasoline. Minimizing long-term damage to the environment and protecting agricultural land are more often the main concerns with spills on land. This is followed by protecting nonessential uses such as recreation. BEHAVIOUR OF OIL ON LAND The spreading of oil across the surface and its movement downwards through soil and rock are far more complicated and unpredictable on land than the spreading of oil on water. The movement of the oil varies for different types of oil and in different habitats and is influenced by conditions at the spill site including the specific soil types and their arrangement moisture conditions in the soil the slope of the land and the level and flow rate of the groundwater. Other factors which vary in different habitats are the presence of vegetation and its type and growth phase the