tailieunhanh - The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 10

Khái niệm cơ bản của In-Situ Đốt • Đối với dầu để đốt cháy trên mặt nước, nó phải được ít nhất 2 đến 3 mm dày. Hầu hết các loại dầu phải có để duy trì độ dày này. • Đánh lửa là tương đối dễ dàng. Hơn thời tiết và các loại dầu nặng đòi hỏi một thời gian đánh lửa còn. • Hầu hết các loại dầu sẽ đốt cháy, mặc dù nhũ tương có thể yêu cầu điều trị trước khi họ sẽ đốt cháy và các nước trong dầu ảnh hưởng đến tỷ lệ bỏng. •. | CHAPTER 10 In-Situ Burning Basics of In-Situ Burning For oil to ignite on water it must be at least 2 to 3 mm thick. Most oils must be contained to maintain this thickness. Ignition is relatively easy. More weathered and heavier oils require a longer ignition time. Most types of oils will burn although emulsions may require treatment before they will burn and the water in the oil affects the burn rate. Oils burn at a rate of about 3 to 4 mm per minute or about 5000 L per m 2 per day. The emissions of importance from burning include respirable particulates from the smoke plume PAHs on particulate matter and soot. Studies have shown that emissions from burning oil generally result in concentrations of air contaminants that are below health concern levels 500 m downwind from the fire. In-situ burning is an oil spill cleanup technique that involves controlled burning of the oil at or near the spill site. The major advantage of this technique is its potential for removing large amounts of oil over an extensive area in less time than other techniques. Extensive research has been conducted into in-situ burning beginning in the 1970s and continuing today. The technique has been used at actual spill sites for some time especially in ice-covered waters where the oil is contained by the ice. It is now an accepted cleanup technique in several countries while in others it is just becoming acceptable. The advantages and disadvantages of in-situ burning are outlined in this chapter as well as conditions necessary for igniting and burning oil burning efficiency and rates and how containment is used to assist in burning the oil and to ensure that the oil burns safely. Finally the air emissions produced by burning oil are described and the results of the many analytical studies into these emissions are summarized. The discussion in this chapter focuses primarily on burning of oil on water. Burning of oil on shorelines and land is discussed briefly in Chapters 11 and 12. 2000 by CRC