tailieunhanh - Psychiatric Diagnosis and Classification - part 6

của ý thức, có nghĩa là, bất kỳ điều tra nào có ý thức như trục và điều kiện của nó. Hiện tượng kêu gọi sự chú ý đến thực tế là nó có thể để điều tra ý thức trong một số cách. Nó không phải là chỉ có thể xem xét nó như là một đối tượng thực nghiệm bằng cách nào đó được ưu đãi với những đặc tính tâm thần | 144 PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS AND CLASSIFICATION of consciousness that is any investigation whatsoever has consciousness as its pivot and condition. Phenomenology calls attention to the fact that it is possible to investigate consciousness in several ways. It is not only possible to consider it as an empirical object somehow endowed with mental properties as a causally determined object in the world but also as the subject of intentional direct-edness to the world . as the subject for the world as to paraphrase Wittgenstein the limit of the world 29 . And as long as consciousness is only considered as an empirical object which is the predominant case in contemporary materialism the truly significant aspect of consciousness the fact that it is the dimension that allows the world to manifest itself will be overlooked. The term phenomeno-logy literally means an account or knowledge of a phenomenon. Phenomenon is that which shows itself that which manifests itself an appearance. Consciousness enables or is a condition of such manifestation it is a dative of all appearing phenomenality . Phenomenology does not distinguish between the inaccessible noumenon thing-in-itself and its outer appearance phenomenon in the Kantian sense for phenomenology the phenomenon is always a manifestation of the thing itself. This way of discussing consciousness as the constitutive dimension that allows for identification and manifestation as the place in which the world can reveal and articulate itself is radically different from any attempt to treat it as merely yet another object in the world. PHENOMENOLOGICAL ACCOUNT OF THE FUNDAMENTAL FEATURES OF CONSCIOUSNESS We will now present some of those central features of consciousness that phenomenology has elucidated in numerous analyses. Such an account is as it has been argued above a necessary first step in any scientific explanatory account and in any classification of pathological experience. The very notion of anomalous experience is a .